Monday, 11 January 2010

HIV - 'RESERVOIR' FOUND IN BRAIN...ANI

Aussie scientists have discovered that the brain also acts as a key "reservoir" for HIV, a finding that may be a serious threat to the search for a way to eradicate the virus from the body.  While scientists are using antiretroviral drugs to get rid of HIV altogether, they are finding it difficult to perfect techniques to kill off infected cells in the known reservoirs for HIV in the body.
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Melbourne-based Dr. Melissa Churchill said that HIV was known to hide out in the thymus and lymph tissues, the gut, spleen, testes, bone marrow, but they have recently found that it also resides in astrocyte cells in the brain.
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"The astrocytes are basically the support cells - they mop up toxins released from other cells and maintain a really nice environment for the neurons to function," quoted Churchill as saying of the vital role played by these cells for congnition.
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"Previously, People weren't sure if we have to actually consider it as a genuine viral reservoir, but it is," she added.
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Churchill and an international team of researchers used latest in high-powered microscopes to examine brain tissue from HIV-Positive people to gauge the presence of the virus in these astrocyte cells.
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She said that it was believed that the virus had about a "One per cent" presence, but the research showed it was up to 19 percent and "very significant".
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In her opinion, the discovery poses several new challenges for scientists now progressing the work of finding ways to eradicate HIV from the body.
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"One of the issues of the brain as a reservoir is that it's quite inaccessible to the immune system and to anti-retrovirals," Churchill said.....Deccan Chronicle Article by ANI

Sunday, 10 January 2010

Marry For Happiness, Not Misery... ......

Girls continue to suffer in a bad marriage because parents don't support them.  In such cases they must fall back on their qualifications and be truly independent.....

Most Indian parents, even the urban ones, appear to be suffering from an acute case of divorce phobia.  It's terrifying to see them brainwash their unhappily married daughters to adjust and compromise to a life of hell, boredom or indifference.  This disturbing trend of not wanting to support their child when she wants to walk out of an unhappy marriage, is everywhere.  No matter how modern and liberated everyone claims to be, divorce is viewed as the ultimate failure in life which makes every other achievement seem insignificant.
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Why is it that parents who bring their child up with no gender bias, instill the need to study well, be outgoing and independent suddenly act all 18th century when she wants to end a bad marriage?  Sociologist GK Karanth says modern parents are at cross-roads.  "They bring up their daughters to be smart and well-educated because deep down they want her to grow up and marry well, as these qualifications will be a prerequisite for certain matrimonial alliances."  But when she is growing up it is never instilled in her that marriage and not career or financial independence is the true goal.  Karanth also feels the modern man wants an intelligent wife who is smart, modern and progressive, but still wants her to be mild, submissive and "yes, yes sir, three bags full" variety.  His mind is ambiguous about what he truly wants.  This is where problems crop up as roles, expectations and fulfillment clash.
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Parents refuse to accept that problems can't be fixed and coerce the wife to endure a bit more torture, saying all marriages face rough weather.
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When a well educated, pregnant girl in her late 20s complained to her father that her husband was being both physically and verbally abusive, he told her every would be fine once the baby came along!
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Another mother thought her child was being ridiculous when she wanted to leave her cheating husband. "Men are like that, as long as he comes home to you and is being nice, how does it matter?"
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Yes, today's independent girl doesn't really need parental support as she can get herself a job and be financially independent, but at such a vulnerable and difficult time she does need someone to hold her hand and tell her that she's not alone.  This is where parents are failing.
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Even if the couple is simply incompatible and the girl is miserable parents don't want the D word mentioned.
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India is still considered to be a patriarchal society and a divorced girl is looked upon secretly as a failure by most.  Vineeta Shah, an emotional consultant says, "Divorce is stigma, even if parents are supportive they are viewed as a "fast" family with no values."  Shah says it is imbibed in a girl that she has to adjust, you don't always get everything, you need to give in more....
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The poor girl is so confused that it takes a lot of strength and soul searching to say, "I will manage without anyone's help."  If things get really bad, parents are there but they are reluctant to stand by their daughter.
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If minor changes and adjustments make the relationship work, go for it.  But if dialogue, communication and small compromises don't work then the relationship is not going to work, says Shah.  That's when women need to realise that now is the time to show how independent they can be without a husband or parents to hold their hands..........


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Sun Dried Wonders... Taste It...MEALANIE ANDRADE....



Sun-dried tomatoes are an acquired taste but once you get used to the intense flavour you will be hooked.  Just a handful of sun dried tomatoes goes adds a more complex taste and they can be used in a variety of wonderful ways. 
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Sun-dried tomatoes can be bought in jars, packed in olive oil.  These just have to be drained (use oil for salad dressing or stir-fries) before using.  If you buy them in a packet, they need to be reconstituted before use.  Soak them in hot water for half an hour.  Drain the water (use this for stocks and pasta sauces), and use.  Once reconstituted, they need to be consumed within a few days.  If they are in oil, they can be refrigerated for two weeks after opening.
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Here are two easy recipes to get you started.
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Sun-dried Tomato Hummus
INGREDIENTS

1 1/2 cup boiled chickpeas
1/2 tsp chopped garlic
3 tbsp lemon juice
2 tbsp readymade tahini
1/4 tsp salt
Olive Oil
A handful of chopped sun-dried tomatoes
Chilli flakes, a pinch Parsley, chopped finely

METHOD

 Place boiled chickpeas in a mixer and blend till smooth.  Add crushed garlic, tahini, salt and lemon juice.  Remove and keep aside.
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Take chopped, sun-dried tomatoes and place in mixer with one tbsp of olive oil.
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Blend till a smooth pesto forms.  Place hummus in a bowl with the sun dried tomato pesto carefully landled on top of it.  Swirl it around but do not mix it completely.  Drizzle with olive oil and garnish with chopped parsley for colour.
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Chicken with Sun-dried Tomatoes

INGREDIENTS

1 1/2 tbsp olive oil
4 boneless chicken breasts, halved
Freshly ground black pepper 
10 sun-dried tomatoes, drained
1 onion, chopped
4 cloves of garlic, chopped
1 zucchini, finely sliced
1 cup of broccoli florets
1 1/2 cups of chicken stock
1 tsp oregano
1 1/2 tsp cornflour
1/4 tsp chilli flakes 
1/4 cup cream
Pasta to serve
Grated Parmesan

METHOD

Cut Chicken into cubes, sprinkle with pepper.  Saute chicken in olive oil for five minutes.  Keep aside.  Heat more oil and fry onions till soft.  Add the garlic, zucchini, and broccoli.  Add half the chicken stock and let it simmer for fiver minutes.  Mix the remaining stock with the oregano and cornflour.  Add chicken and chilli flakes and cook till sauce is thick.  Lower the flame and slowly add the cream.  Blend well.  Season to taste and top with grated Parmesan.  Serve with pasta of your choice....

Cool The Planet PLANT A TREE.. M. Sonalee



Planting trees has often been the first line of defence against global warming.  Trees, after all, cool the atmosphere by drinking in the carbon dioxide from the air.  Scientists say that trees absorb and store the key greenhouse gases emitted by cars and power plants.  All plants absorb carbon dioxide but trees process significantly more than smaller plants do, due to their large size and extensive and root structures.
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Says environmentalist Subhas Datta, "In essence, trees are like the kings of the plant world.  They have much more "woody biomass" to store carbon dioxide than smaller plants."  Subsequently, they are considered nature's most efficient carbon sinks.
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According to Datta, certain trees are better absorbents of carbon dioxide than others.  "There 'carbon traps' usually grow quickly and live long," says Datta.  Unfortunately, both qualities cannot be found together in foliage.  Normally younger trees grow faster but their older partners are better absorbents.
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It has been found that trees that grow slower can store much more carbon over their significantly longer lives.  A study shows that tropical, evergreen forests are better at tackling global warming.  According to a study by Dr Govindasamy Bala of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, evergreens like confers and red cedar, "cut down on emissions and help keep the planet cool."  Dr Bala also observes that the further a person moves away from the equator these gains are eroded.  According to researchers, planting trees in mid and high latitude locations do not have similar effects.  In fact, on the contrary they could increase temperatures by 2100.
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Therefore, you need to plant the right tree at the right location to avail of the benefits of carbon sequestration.  If one takes the US into consideration, each specific region will have a tree that is the best absorbent in that region.  For instance, in Hawaii, it is the eucalyptus; loblolly pine acts best as an absorbent in the Southeast while poplars are best in the Great Lakes.
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Stan Wullschleger, who is a researcher at Tennessee's Oak Ridge National Laboratory specialising in the physiological response of plants to global climate change, observes that there are dozens of tree species that could be planted depending on location, soil and climate.
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It is prudent to remember that ultimately a tree of any shape, size or genetic origin can help absorb carbon dioxide.  "The least expensive option is to plant a tree in your garden (if you have one) as it will help offset the production of carbon dioxide," suggests Datta.
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Trees that are low maintenance are the best absorbents.  This has been pointed out by Dave Nowak, a researcher at the US Forest Service's Northern Research Station in Syracuse, New York.  While studying the use of trees for carbon sequestration in 2002, he discovered that trees like the common horse-chestnut, black walnut, London plane, American Sweetgum, Douglas fir, ponderosa pine, red pine, white pine, hispaniolan pine, scarlet oak, red oak, Virginia live oak and bald cypress are very good at absorbing and storing carbon dioxide.  In his research paper, Nowak advises urban land developers to avoid trees that require a lot of maintenance, as the burning of fossil fuels to power equipment like trucks and chainsaws will only erase the carbon absorption gains otherwise made.
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So, if you want to tackle global warming, all that you need to do is to plant a neem tree in your garden or anywhere in the vicinity! Simple, isn't is?
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Friday, 8 January 2010

Work Like A Master.... Swamy Vivekananda...

We read in the Bhagavad-Gita again and again that we must all work incessantly.  All work is by nature composed of good and evil.  We cannot do any work which will not do some good somewhere; there cannot be any work which will not do some harm somewhere.  Every work must necessarily by a mixture of good and evil; yet we are commanded to work incessantly.  Good and evil will both have their result, will produce their Karma.  Good action will entail upon us good effect; bad action, bad.  But good and bad are both bondages of the soul.  The solution reached in the Gita in regard to this bondage-producing nature of work is that, if we do not attach ourselves to the work we do, it will not have any binding effect on our soul.  We shall try to understand what is meant by this "non-attachment" to work.
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As the tortoise trucks its feet and head inside the shell, and you may kill it and break it in pieces, and yet it will not come out, even so the character of that man who has control over his motives and organs is unchangeably established.  He controls his own inner forces, and nothing can draw them out against his will.  By this continuous reflex of good thoughts, good impressions moving over the surface of the mind, the tendency for doing good becomes strong, and as the result we feel able to control the Indriyas ( the sense-organs, the nerve-centres).  Thus alone will character be established, then alone a man gets to truth.  Such a man is safe for ever; he cannot do any evil.  You may place him in any company, there will be no danger for him.  There is a still higher state than having this good tendency, and that is the desire for liberation.  You must remember that freedom of the soul is the goal of all Yogas, and each one equally leads to the same result.  By work alone men may get to where Buddha got largely by meditation or Christ by prayer.  Buddha was a working Jnani, Christ was a Bhakta, but the same goal was reached by both of them.  The bad tendencies are to be counteracted by the good ones, and the bad impressions on the mind should be removed by the fresh waves of good ones, until all that is evil almost disappears, or is subdued and held in control in a corner of the mind; but after that, the good tendencies have also to be conquered.  Thus the "attached" becomes the "unattached".  Work, but let not the action or the thought produce a deep impression on the mind.  Let the ripples come and go, let huge actions proceed from the muscles and the brain, but let them not make any deep impression on the soul.
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How can this be done?  We see that the impression of any action to which we attach ourselves, remains.  I may meet hundreds of persons during the day, and among them meet also one whom I love; and when I retire at night I may try to thin of all the faces I saw, but only that face comes before the mind-the face which I met perhaps only for one minute, and which I loved; all the others have vanished.  My attachment to this particular person caused a deeper impression on my mind than all the other faces.  Physiologically, the impressions have all been the same; every one of the faces that I saw pictured itself on the retina, and the brain took the pictures in, and yet there was no similarity of effect upon the mind.  Most of the faces, perhaps were entirely new faces, about which I had never thought before, but that one face of which I got only a glimpse found associations inside.  Perhaps I had pictured him in my mind for years, knew hundreds of things about him, and this one new vision of him awakened hundreds of sleeping memories in my mind and this one impression having been repeated perhaps a hundred times more than those of the different faces together, will produce a great effect on the mind.
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The whole gist of this teaching is that you should work like a master and not as a slave; work incessantly, but do not do slave's work.  Do you not see how everybody works?  Nobody can be altogether at rest; ninety-nine per cent of mankind work like slaves, and the result is misery; it is all selfish work.  Work through freedom!  Work through love!  The word "love" is very difficult to understand; love never comes until there is freedom.  There is no true love possible in the slave.  If you buy a slave and tie him down in chains and make him work for you, he will work like a drudge, but there will be no love in him.  So when we ourselves work for the things of the world as slaves, there can be no love in us, and our work is not true work.  This is true of work done for relatives and friends, and is true of work done for our own selves.  Selfish work is slave's work; and there is a test.  Every act of love brings happiness; there is no act of love which does not bring peace and blessedness as its reaction.  Real existence, real knowledge, and real love are eternally connected with one another, the three in one; where one of them is, the others also must be; they are the three aspects of the One without a second-the Existence-Knowledge-Bliss.  When that existence becomes relative, we see it as the world; that knowledge becomes relative, we see it as the world; that knowledge becomes in its turn modified into the knowledge of the things of the world; and that bliss forms the foundation of all true love known to the heart of man.  Therefore true love can never react so as to cause pain either to the lover or to the beloved.  Suppose a man loves a woman; he wishes to have her all to himself and feels extremely jealous about her every movement; he wants her to sit near him, to stand near him, and to eat and move at his bidding.  He is a slave to her and wishes to have her as his slave.  That is not love; it is a kind of morbid affection of the slave, insinuating itself as love.  It cannot be love, because it is painful; if she does not do what he wants it brings him pain.  With love there is no painful reaction; love only brings a reaction of bliss; if it does not, it is not love.  when you have succeeded in loving your husband, your wife, your children, the whole world, the universe, in such a manner that there is no reaction of pain or jealousy, no selfish feeling, then you are in a fit state to be unattached.

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Do you ask anything from your children in return for what you have given them?  It is your duty to work for them, and there the matter ends.  In whatever you do for a particular person, a city, or a state, assume the same attitude towards it as you have towards your children-expect nothing in return.  If you can invariably take the position of a giver, in which everything given by you is a free offering to the world, without any thought of return, then will your work bring you no attachment.  Attachment comes only where we expect a return.
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If working like slaves results in selfishness and attachment, working as masters of our own mind gives rise to the bliss of non-attachment.  We often talk of right and justice, but we find that in the world right and justice are mere baby's talk.  There are two things which guide the conduct of men: might and mercy.  The exercise of might is invariably the exercise of selfishness.  All men and women try to make the most of whatever power or advantage they have.  Mercy is heaven itself; to be good, we have all to be merciful.  Even justice and right should stand on mercy.  Al thought of obtaining return for the work we do hinders our spiritual progress; nay, in the end it brings misery.  There is another way in which this idea of mercy and selfless charity can be put into practice; that is, by looking upon work as "worship" in case we believe in a Personal God.  Here we give up all fruits of our work unto the Lord, and, worshipping Him thus, we have no right to expect anything from mankind for the work we do.  The Lord Himself works incessantly and is ever without attachment.  Just as water cannot wet the lotus leaf, so work cannot bind the unselfish man by giving rise to attachment to results.  The selfless and unattached man may live in the very heart of a crowded and sinful city; he will not be touched by sin.
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This idea of complete self-sacrifice is illustrated in the following story:-
After the battle of Kurukshetra the five Pandava brothers performed a great sacrifice and made very large gifts to the poor.  All people expressed amazement at the greatness and richness of the sacrifice, and said that such a sacrifice the world had never seen before.  But, after the ceremony, there came a little mongoose, half of whose body was golden, and the other half brown, and he began to roll on the floor of the sacrificial hall.  He said to those around, "You are all liars; this is not sacrifice."  "What!" they exclaimed, "You say this is no sacrifice; do you not know how money and jewels were poured out to the poor and every one became rich and happy?  This was the most wonderful sacrifice any man ever performed."  But the mongoose said:  "There was once a little village, and in it there dwelt a poor Brahmin, with his wife, his son and his son's wife.  They were very poor and lived on small gifts made to them for preaching and teaching.  There came in that land a three year's famine, and the poor Brahmin suffered more than ever.  At last when the family had starved for days, the father brought home on morning a little barely flour, which he had been fortunate enough to obtain, and he divided it into four parts, one for each member of the family.  They prepared it for their meal, and just as they were about to eat there was a knock at the door.  The father opened it, and there stood a guest.  Now, in India, a guest is a sacred person; he is as a god for the time being, and must be treated as such.  So the poor Brahmin said, "Come in, sir; you are welcome."  He set before the guest his own portion of the food, which the guest quickly ate and said, 'Oh, sir, you have killed me; I have been starving for ten days, and this little bit has but increased my hunger.'  Then the wife said to her husband, 'Give him my share,' but the husband said, 'Not so."  The wife however insisted, saying, 'Here is a poor man, and it is our duty as a wife to give him my portion, seeing that you have no more to offer him.'  Then she gave her share to the guest, which he ate, and said he was still burning with hunger.  So the son said, 'Take my portion also; it is the duty of a son to help his father to fulfil his obligations.'  The guest ate that, but remained still unsatisfied; so the son's wife gave him her portion also.  That was sufficient, and the guest departed blessing them.  That night those four people died of starvation.  A few granules of that flour had fallen on the floor, and when I rolled my body on them half of it became golden, as you see.  Since then I have been travelling all over the world, hoping to find another sacrifice like that, but nowhere have I found one; nowhere else has the other half of my body been turned into gold.  That is why I say this is no sacrifice.
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This idea of charity is going out of India; great men are becoming fewer and fewer.
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Now you see what is Karma-Yoga means; even at the point of death to help any one, without asking questions.  Be cheated millions of times and never ask a question, and never think of what you are doing.  Never vaunt your gifts to the poor or expect their gratitude, but rather be greateful to them for giving you the occasion of practising charity to them....................

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