Friday, 15 February 2008

Good Sayings-28

541. In the fields of observation, chance favours only the prepared mind.
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542. No democracy can exist for long in the midst of want, poverty and inequality.__Jawaharlal Nehru
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543. You must have long-range goals to keep you from being frustrated by short-range failures.__Charles C.Noble
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544. Calmness of mind does not mean you should stop your activity. Real calmness should be found in activity itself.
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545. No quality will get a man more friends than a disposition to admire the good qualities of others.
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546. All that a man achieves and all that he fails to achieve is the direct result of his own thoughts.
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547. When planning for a year, sow corn. When planning for a decade, plant trees. When planning for life educate men.
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548. If I could give young people the most priceless gift, it would be a talent for waiting.__Howard Whitman
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549. When a man points a finger at someone else, he should remember that three of his fingers are pointing at himself.
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550. Men never do evil so completely and cheerfully as when they do it from religious convictions.__ Blaise Pascal
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551. A child's mind is like a wet cement floor. Anything which falls on it will create a lasting impression.
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552. Look not mournfully to the past. It comes not back again. Wisely improve the present. It is thine, go forth.
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553. Fame is vapour, popularity an accident, riches take wings, only one thing endures and that is character.
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554. Wisdom is knowing what to do next, skill is knowing how to do it, and virtue is doing it.
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555. Blessed is the man who, having nothing to say, keeps away from giving wordy evidence of the fact.__George Eliot
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556. The man who has nothing to boast of but his illustrious ancestry, is like the potato-the best part underground.
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557. If the power to do hard work is not talent, it is the best possible substitute for it.__Ma Yogashakti
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558. To do what others cannot do is talent. To do what talent cannot do is genious.__Will Henry
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559. The measure of a man's real character is what he would do if he knew he would never be found out.__Macaulay
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560. Learning is an ornament in prosperity, a refuge in adversity, and a provision in old age.__Aristotle
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Always try to be balanced__my own words

We should not be too good in this world.. why because these worst/bad people will not allow us to survive happily. We must be like unbitten snakes, as the snake frightens the people with its buzzing sound, and bites only when we go near. But with its sounds only people will fear. So sound like a snake, to survive.


Don't be too good, why because, all will try to make an attemp to press you down, all will try to blame you, doubt you, scold you, suffer you, comment on you, hate you, trouble you .,.,.,.,.,.,


This world is like a prostitute fuck it (but take good care not to be attacked by any decease / problems), other wise you will be fucked by this world.........

Always use your brain, along with your strength .....

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Till now by being good good goody good i have got nothing,

I was also suffered a lot and suffered alot by all the people around me, but one blessing is that i am also like the unbitten sounding snake....

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Don't be too good, make all the habits of your interest which are available around, like smoking, drinking, fucking.,.,etc.,., enjoy them like anything (if you are able to be in control, otherwise...don't...).... and don't forget to think that, "One or another day i have to leave all those bad habit and i should get control over them..."
... If you can control yourself, by thinking/knowing that they are the bad habits.. and we doesn't require them, then it is ok, otherwise don't control...... practice controlling by making it a habit otherwise you will be edicted to it.
............
Once i asked my father, why should we control, why should not we smoke sigurate and drink? Then my father told actually our body doesn't require them. As my father has got smoking habit, and he doesn't have drinking habit, i asked him why?,, for drinking he told that, One of his brother whose name "Bhaskar" was named to me... was died by becoming edict to that drinking habit.......... For smoking he said, see my dear son, we were 12 brothers in strength, no body has taken good care of us....(why because in those days,,, they were much least cared by their parents, as they are more in numbers,,, if one persons dies also they don't care...).. and we doesn't know that its a bad habit, for show put up and by observing others i made that bad habit.... Now you are 2 children i am here to take good care of you and tell you what's good and what's bad... So its up to you to decide weather to make a habit of them or not to make a habit of them.....

What he repeatedly used to say that " DO WHAT I SAY, BUT DON'T DO WHAT I DO", which was told my father in my child hood days, which still i remember ......... those words exactly as it is.... ..,,,,,

I love my father very much why because, He is my real idealistic person.......

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but don't become edict to that habits.. you must master all the fields of your interest...

Why because you will not get moksha (the ultimate goal to be reached by all i.e., towards the god) if you suffer by not enjoying all your desires...

But note here a point, that you should not suffer any one in the meanwhile of attaining your goals... Its not good. Enjoying in this world is what all the people have to do....

But also try to do some good to others up to your capacity....

Don't be too goody, goody, good .... in studies, There is a lots and lots and lots of difference between the scholar and a normal people.. As from the childhood the scholar do only studying which will make him weak mentally.. For every thing, and for every reason he will fear like anything. He has to depend on others like police and lawyers to be protected (if any major problem arises). ...

They are mentally very weak, ok, they might be having very good money.

What is the need of money, one should have guts and courage to fight with this world. Every body should be ready to face all the situations of this world.

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So, every body should give preference to the physical activities also along their studies, and they should encourage their children also to do the same....

Why because when a tense movement comes, we must be prepared to fight on our own strength, as some situations are like that only.

That is the reason why all this world is controlled by the people who are courageous.,.,.,.,

So be healthy first then the next one the healthy mind will automatically be formed, as too much of wealth is also not good, Tell/Show me one person who is happy with his wealth, i will show many people who are happy themselves and make all others around them happy with their good health and good thinking..........

As now a days (-) negative vibrations are spoiling this world......

That's why temples, and churches, masjids are formed ....... to increase (+) positive vibrations

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In my view a man who is having all bad habits (controlled) like smoking, drinking, fucking,.,.,., is not that bad, if he has the Whole heart to help others, .,.,.,

In my view a man who is having very good habits,.,., is not that good, he who doesn't have a thought to help others.......

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So Don't be too bad.. as because of you so many others will unnecessarily be troubled... beginning from their family members....


One should have the conscious.... a poor person will be having some 5 to 6 children. what is the need of having that many... He cannot develop in his life span. why because no body is there to help him.... except the god.... But he will be the happy man, as he knows he cannot do any thing, even earnings also, he will be very happy. At least by increasing the population(his rays development) he will make our country as number one.


He just try to do something to fill his stomach..... of course, they(thieves) may kill the weak minded, fearful rich persons to get money and happily go into the jail to live happily to lead peaceful life for some days in jail.... Atleast there they will get some good things to learn.....


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No person with good knowledge will try to go in to politics.... as the Politicians are the real controllers of this Indian Dynasty......

They can make the rules and that much easily they are breaking those rules, why because they make it like that which can be easily broken......

Every government thinks how to earn money for their party fund.....

No body thinks for a long term plans...

Correption...

this is the biggest, decease now we the indian people are having in our country....

Before independence, our indian leaders told that Britishers are very much rude, Britishers are very much cruel, Britishers are the dectators, they killed our indians like birds ...... Ok, we need not to do anything to the Britishers... they themselves will be demolished, why because, what i believe is that... what ever goes from us, one or another it will come back to us... So if they might have done the good, it will definately go back to them, if they did bad it will definately, certainly, will hit them back, because of which they cannot even stand on their feet.... That's the major difference with the INDIANS and all other countries of this world.... The Indian's will never interfere or trouble others/ other countries.....
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ok, Britishers have killed our indian people,.. but, But now what our indian leaders are doing, they are not killing our Indians like britishers, but indians are dying.. by suiciding themselves.. that's the greatness of the indian rulers... who are creating those situations with our indians to die ourselves..... I think Our Politicians are greater than Britishers......

With out care, without food, many people are dying.. many farmers are dying.. The farmers are the gods of our indian country... What a wonderful life we are going to have after some years...

Every body should be ashamed... As said in the film "APARICHITHUDU" ...... directed by Shankar... Every indian should have selfrealisation....
Every rich person should have self realisation....
Every scholar should have self realisation.... including me
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Every one till their death ..... spend most of their time in earning, earning, and earning, by many ways....... mostly by troubling others... that is called (business),,,,,,,,

Atleast in your (age) 60's and 70's you just try to learn giving, not only money, but also moral support which is the ultimate help that any body can do to the others, ....... as you are not going to take all the money with you... ok, at that age you cannot even eat the normal food, why because food has to be taken very restrictedly.....
That giving should also be done very carefully. We should give as per the requirement of the person whom we are going to help.. not more than that.. try to choose a reasonable person or family, if not found try to first make them reasonable and then help... why because money should not be given to an unqualified (means mentally).... why because if the money has given to an unqualified person he may misuse it....

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How much you need,,,,, think once, how much ur children need... let them learn n earn n spend..... train them to become like Idealistic Persons, they should be ready to live like any thing....
Every parents should try to train their children and they themselves should try to change to become idealistic......
Why because our children will grow as like us if we fear, they will also grow like fearing cats,, if we live like cunning fox,, they will also become like cunning foxes.... If we live like lions, they will become like lions,, and if we lead an idealistic life they will also become like idealistic persons.....
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Every body is thinking that, we are going to live for around 70 years,,, we have to earn and enjoy this life, we should not bothered what ever the other things happen, around me i don't mind... When any problem comes to me then only i will react.... in every aspect of this society every body is thinking like that.....
Ok, Congress party rules, or any other party rules, we don't bother,,,, Even the educated also thinks... like that only,, what benefit i have got personally..... that much only every body is thinking..... Even the political leaders are also thinking like that only, how much our party has been benefitted within this period of 5 years... no body has got long term vision...
For getting name, there are many schemes are there for farmers and poor people,,,,, as all the governments will work out for them only... but poorer are increasing and farmers are dying.... No intelligent politicians are thinking for the Ultimate solution......
For what they bother.... they are much bothered about the welfare of their family members, that's why our indians are called Centimental Fools..... Ok those who said this, are Non-Centimental Fools... So be Centimental but Don't be fools.... Don't sacrifice the future of our next generation for the sake of bledy Centiments....
Our Igoistic political leaders are waste, they cannot develop this country, in the way which our Mahathma Gandhi Dreamt, why because they know using the name of Mahathma but they don't know the policies of Mahathma....
So each and every parent should take good care of their children, to make to become idealistic... means truthful, self controlled, well educated, well built (physically).... ok, they may enjoy this life,, let them live very very happily, don't restrict, but teach them to be conscious, what is good and what is bad.....
Enjoying without troubling anybody is not a bad/worst thing.... If you restrict them they will find some other ways to do them...
Explanation is what our youth needed,,, for everything they need explanation (from childhood itself).....
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Think once, that how we have been living now, if our ancestors didn't think about the future generations, who fought for the Freedom.... We will be serving to the Britishers, if they thought "Ok, why should we bother about our future generations...,," ok, up to some extent they were also fought for them too...., but the result was ultimate. Now we are enjoying this life like anything....
Why i am telling this that we are thinking to resolve the present problems only, no body is thinking in longterm.. there are so many departments are there in our government to guide us about the future problems.... but the result is nill... One simple example i will tell, what a joke it is that if a big rain comes, because of i,t we are facing many traffic problems... What the hell this governments are doing...
You just see the Moosi River, how ultimate thing is that, it is touching/covering every part of the city to collect the dust and throw it out of the city,,, why it was like that, they are worked with hearts, to give the ultimate solution to all the futuristic generations..... they are the real people.... but the worst/bad thing is that now a days our government has failed even in utilising that river too....
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Even parents should also take good care of their children, they should think to make them as good as them,, in future they should not face trouble others, they should become-uncorrepted, they should become brave physically and mentally....
If you make them strong mentally and physically.... no body can break their confidence, and they also will not fear to face any sort of situation in their future.... why because you just observe, every body is solving their problems... by police officials... For example..At night if any road robbers attacks our car,,, it will take so much time for the police persons to reach us... but if we ourselves make ready for that then we handle the situation as easy as that...
Putting pressure for every thing on the police persons is also not good... After all they are also human beings... "What is the best with our indian police is that they are greater than the Soldiers who are fighting at the border areas.... " ....
What worst is happening with them is that they are serving like slaves, even though they were the mostly blamed people....
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News paper people are the good communicators ... for all (------)... They are the real gamblers... now a days they are earning like anything......
They are the first people, who are sitting ready to blame the police persons... ok, they are doing good but (maximum over action)....
As even one good word, will not come in their telecast regarding... the police persons......
Ok, here i am the persons who really salute all the Indian Police Officials... who are the real protectors of our lifes....
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What i want to say that, be balanced in every aspect, be balanced..... don't be too good, don't be too bad.... Live an ultimate living... (If not possible, atleast try .....)
Every body should think Ultimately, Live Ultimately, Help Ultimately,.,., Plan Ultimately,,.,., Face all the problems Ultimately.......
Help to form an Ultimate Society, so that our future generation people should not scold us.....
What our ancestors have did....
-------------Finally Eat ultimately.....
------------------Sleep Ultimately...
----------------------Forget Every thing Ultimately.....
----------------------------Fear for every moment Ultimately....
----------------------------------Die with ultimate deceases.......
Why because, no body knows the ultimate solution for overcoming all the deceases,,,,,,
I know it...
As i am not that so perfect in english.. slowly i will try to tell u all those things by translating all of them in telugu which are told by Mr MANTHENA SATYANARAYA RAJU, who is the ultimate persons, who explained the ultimate way of healthy living... as health is wealth....
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I am just a kid, who is learning what is life?.... by the help of everyone who lives around me...
I am ready accept all the comments...
Why because, i have not revealed everything, just a glance only i have written....
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Mr. Jaya Prakash Narayan the leader of Lok Satta Party is a good man, who is a well knowledged man, whom i like, but no body will vote him.... why because... every body likes the show put up, shown by all the political parties.... No body likes, if the person/party is simple....
May god bless my Andhra Pradesh.... and After that My country Named India....

Wednesday, 13 February 2008

Sites on Throat Cancer___

1. www.nfcr.org
2. www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/throat_cancer
3. www.emedicinehealth.com/cancer_of_the_mouth_and_throat/article_em.htm
4. www.mayoclinic.com/health/oral_and_throat_cancer/DS00349
5. www.nlm.nih.gov/medilineplus/ency/article/001042.htm
6.www.ucsfhealth.org/adult/medical_services/cancer/heald_and_neck/conditions/throat/signs.html
7. www.newscientist.com/article/dn11819_oral_sex_can_cause_throat_cancer_html
8. www.news/bbc/co.uk/2/hi/health/6639461.stm
9. www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/throat
10. www.cnn.com/HEALTH/library/DS/00349.html
11. www.webmd.com/sexual_conditions/HPV_genital_warts/news/20070509/hpv_linked_to_throat_cancer
12. www.mdanderson.org
13. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/05/070509210142.htm
14. www.intelihealth.com/1H/ihtlH/WSIHW000/9339/10853.html
15. www.pennhealth.com/health_info/animationplayer/cancer_throat.html
16. www.blogs.usatoday.com/ondeadline/2007/05/study_links_ora.htm
17. www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/front/4790957.html
18. www.pennhealth.com/ency/article/001042.htm
19. www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/oral_sex_may_cause_throat_cancer/articleshow/2024693.cms
20. www.medpagetoday.com/hematologyoncolog/othercancers/tb/5609
21. www.rdoc.org.uk/patientthroat.html
22. www.thesun.co.uk/article/0,,2_20072/0566,00.html
23. www.answers.com/topic/throat_cancer
24. www.digg.com/health/oral_sex_can_cause_throat_cancer_3:

Sites for seaching JObs____

1. www.jobat.be
2. www.superjob.ru
3. www.laboris.net
4. www.advancingwomen.com
5. www.careermag.com
6. www.infoempleo.com
7. www.agrojob.com
8. www.londoncareers.net
9. www.stats.blas.gov
10. www.ams.se
11. www.esjobcorps.com
12. www.jobware.de
13. www.1111.colm.tw
14. www.londoncareers.net
15. www.joblpilot.de
16. www.careerjournal.com
17. www.infoempleo.com
18. www.escapeartist.com
19. www.job.ru
20. www.employmentguide.com

General Knowledge-3

1. Which company manufactured the new breech loading rifles whose greased cartridges contributed to the outbreak of revolt in 1857?__Enfield

2. In the Valmiki's Ramayana, on Hanuman's advice, at the hermitage of which sage did Sugriva hide from Bali?__ Matanga
3. Which term was first used by naturalist Carl Linnaeus to collectively refer to apes, monkeys and man?__ Primates
4. Which article of clothing gets its name from the Sanskrit word, 'savala' meaning variegated?__ Shawl
5. Which word originated from the Tamil for a spiced and seasoned sauce, particularly flavoured by the leaves of the Karuveppilei plant?___ Curry (Kari Leaves)
6. Which legendary sixteenth century Malwa ruler had a romantic association with Roopmati?__ Baaz Bahadur
7. Which physicist was the first person to receive two Nobel Prizes, in the years 1956 and 1972, respectively?__ John Bardeen
8. What is the present name of the track of land known as Caledonia till the eleventh AD?__ Scotland
9. Who was the Chief Minister of Kerela's first ever Communist Government in 1956?__ E.M.S. Namboodiripad
10. In 1937, which Prime Minister of Madras Presidency became the first leader in Asia to introduce Sales Tax?__ C. Rajagopalachari
11. Name the Church after which Mumbai's Church Gate is named.__ St. Thomas Cathedral
12. Which Asian republic was claimed for Spain by Magellan in 1521 and eventually ceded to the US after the Spanish-American War in 1898?__ The phillippines
13. Which word, now generally used for an unexpected burst of wealth or success, literally means 'calm sea' in Spanish?__ Bonanza
14. In Greek mythology, which seven daughters of Atlas, when pursued by Orion, were turned into stars?__ Pleiades
15. Which Governor-General was derisively called 'Clemency' on account of lenient treatment meted out to rebellious soldiers of the 1857 mutiny?__ Lord Canning
16. What do we commonly call the Furcula bone in birds?__ Wish-bone
17. How do we refer to the temperature at which molecules has no energy and molecular motion ceases?__ Absolute Zero
18. The name of which equestrian event is derived from the French word for 'training'?__ Dressage
19. Which Indian city was founded in 1727, with Vidyadhar Chakravorty from Bengal as its chief architect?__ Jaipur
20. The name of which natural phenomenon is derived from the Latin for 'make round by turning'?__ Tornado

Working Style of_Movie Camera_?

A movie camera has a film like an ordinary camera. But instead of taking just one picture at a time, it takes many pictures every second. As the film moves past the lens in the camera, a shutter continually opens and closes to give a long line of pictures on the film. Then the film is developed and shown on a screen.
Many movie cameras takes a casette of film. The cassette contains a long strip of film that lasts several minutes. It has an opening though which the film passes into the film gate. A claw mechanism pulls on the sprocket holes in the film to advance it frame by frame. The film stops in the film gate as the claw moves back, and the shutter opens briefly to expose the film. The apeture of the lens may be set by an automatic exposure control. The shutter then closes as the claw advances the film. In many movie cameras, the shutter consists of a rotation half disc. To make slow motion films, the speed of the film is increased so that more frames are exposed every second. However, the projector always runs at the same speed. The film takes longer to pass through the projector than the camera, which slows down the action. Slowing down the camera speeds up the action.

What is Migraine?

What is Migraine?
Migraine is a very special variety of "sick headache" and requires special treatment under medical supervision. There are different forms of migraine, but there is a difinite pattern underlying all. An attack of migraine starts with some alteration of vision, followed by a well localised severe headache which may end in nausea and vomiting. The whole thing is caused by a poorly understood disorder of the blood vessels. There are special drungs, mostly derivatives of ergot, which are effective, especially if used when the first signs of an attack appear. Although there is a direct physical cause for an attack, it is also certain that some of the trouble is psychological tenseness. People with migraine are often rather anxious, striving and perfectionist. A psychological treatment helping the patient to cope up with his personal problem could mitigate migraine.
The combination of a new drug and a push-button autoinjector device has led to faster relief for migraine sufferers. A London-based pharmaceutical group has eased the pain for sufferers with a device that is simply held to the skin and, at the touch of a button, administers a shot of a novel Imigran drug. When Imigran is administered this way, it provides relief within ten minutes, and the symptoms are completely eliminated within two hours. The autoinjector is specially designed for Imigran by migraineurs; the whole container is a little larger than a pack of cards, and the injector iteself is the size of an average felt-tip marker pen. Another cardinal feature is that the syrinage and needle are hidden from view throughout the operation.

Monday, 11 February 2008

Birth of Television?__

Who first made the television?

In April 1925, a small, rather unkempt young man sat on a stand in a London departmental store, tinkering with an outlandish piece of apparatus which comprised a tea chest, an empty biscuit box and several hat boxes, darning needles, bicycle lamp lenses, valves, discarded electric motors, piano wire, glue, string and sealing wax. He was John Logie Baird, the inventor of television, who had been engaged by the store owner Gordon Selfridge to spend three weeks conducting his experiments in public. Shoppers who paused to watch this novel attraction of the archetype inventor at work were invited to peer through a frame at a distinct image of the letter H flickering on a tiny screen. They did not know it, but those shoppers were the world's first television viewers. Baird's technical developments and the parallel research that was going on in America are part of history. Amateurs in both America and Britain were already making their own crude receivers when in July 1928, the Daven Corporation of Newark, New Jersey, advertised the first commercially produced television set for sale. Station WGY had already begun transmitting an experimental service of three half-hour programmes a week in May to watchers in Schenectady, New York. On September 11, 1928, the first television play was presented. The following year Baird began an experimental service in London, for which Televisors, as they were called, were available at 25 guineas. The screen was only the size of a cigarette card, but could be enlarged to postcard size with a magnifier.

High Court Judge?___

Who appoints the judges of the High Court?

The Chief Justice and other judges are appointed by the President in consultation with Chief Justice of India and the Governor of the State concerned. In case of appointment of a judge other than the Chief Justice, the Chief Justice of the High Court concerned must also be consulted. The Constitution does not indicate whether the President should be bound by the consultations and suggestion from all those mentioned above.

Friday, 8 February 2008

Civil Services Main Exam_Public Administration--By V.P. GUPTA, Director, RAU's IAS Study Circle, New Delhi

PAPER-WISE ACTION PLAN
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Paper I starts with the meaning, scope and significance of Public Administration along with topics on evolution and various approaches. It is of great importance that the candidate should grasp the 'Meaning' of Public Administration in terms of its various dimensions. The various approaches and stages of evolution should be studied in detail and for overall comprehension as this unit provides the framework to Public Administration in terms of syllabus and as a discipline.
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The candidate should write summary of each sub-unit along with (P.T.R.) Points to remember. As the questions asked are generally opinion-based and are not very objective in nature it is important for the candidate to understand the concepts to such an extent that he can articulate well on the issues.
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The unit on Principles and Theories of Organization should be clubbed with the Unit on Administrative Behaviour. Both of the units are drawn from management and books especially related to that are very useful. This units are very important as the organization used for any administration and the various practices come from this knowledge only.
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The sub-units provide a conceptual framwork of the organization and its functioning. Candidates should give sufficient emphasis to the various theories mentioned and also on various management techniques. The study of Administrative Behavious should be done for understanding the various aspects, approaches and applications to various issues of Indian Administration. For instance a question on motivation or leadership theory can always be linked with Civil Services in India or development administration in India etc.
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This section also includes typologies of executive and types of organizations available with the executive. This is an area where a footing polity helps, as the candidate should have an understanding of various typologies, e.g. Presidential/Parliamentary form of the Government. The merits and limitations of both should be studied on comparative basis. Similarity, in the case of types of organizations a candidate should be ready with purpose, advantages and limitations of different forms of organizations, viz., department, corporation, coulcil etc. Here the candidate should definitely give illustrations from the Indian Administration. Further while studying this unit a candidate should also go through central administration in India covered in Paper II, Section A.
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Unit on Accountability & Control has to be seen in the context of conceptual and philosophical premises of accountability. The candidate should appreciate the significance of accountability especially when you are operating in the public settings. Various controls should be studied with reference to Indian Administration though some references from administration in the USA, UK and France may also be useful. Further, an understanding of citizens' role and relationship with administration will be very useful. As the nature of questions asked is more and more pragmatic, very high probability is there that the citizen's role under this unit or in some other unit is discussed.
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Adminstrative Law is a very useful unit for the purpose of Main Exam as here more or less the questions can have standard answers. So it is very helpful to prepare standard notes on rationale of Administrative Law vis-a-vis Rules of Law. The candidate should be very clear in terms of bringing its relevance to the surface. Delegated Legislation and Administrative Adjudication similarly should be prepared with notes in terms of rationale, limitations and safeguards. Referrence to the Indian Administration is a must here.
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In the next section of this paper the candidate should be well aware of concepts underlying Administrative Reforms and Organisation and Methods. The candidate should reforms and also of the various committees that have been set up in India in this regard. Though majorly the focus should be on post-Independence measures, an awareness of pre-Independence in some cases may be helpful. The concept of O & M and its status in the country should be understood. On the O & M section a technical question may also be asked.
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Units on Comparative Administration should be clubbed with Development Administration. Riggs should be studied comprehensively for both of the units. Development Administration apart from the philosophical basis should be seen in Indian context only.
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Candidate should develop an appreciation of significance of CPA (Comparative Public Administration) as well as of Development Administration. In development administration students should specifically understand the concept of 'Change' and the problems in case of India related to change management.
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Public Policy in terms of Mains is a rewarding unit. It should be seen in terms of various public models and in terms of its various constituents. Indian context is must while answering this unit.
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Personnel Administration has lot of conceptual background in respect of Personnel Management. A book on the same will be helpful. It is important that this unit is clubbed with Paper II Unit 'Civil Services in India'.....

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