1901-Emil A. von Behring, Ger.
1902-Sir Donald Ross, Br.
1903-Niels R. Finsen, Dan.
1904-Ivan P. Pavlov, Russ.
1905-Robert Koch, Ger.
1906-Camillo Golgi, It.; Santiago Ramon y Cajal, Span.
1907-Charles L.A. Laveran, Fr.
1908-Paul Ehrlich, Ger.; Elie Metchnikoff, Fr.
1909-Emil T. Kocher, Swiss
1910-Albrecht Kossel, Ger.
1911-Allvar Gullstrand, Swed.
1912-Alexis Carrel, Fr.
1913-Charles R. Richet, Fr.
1914-Robert Barany, Aus.
1919-Jules Bordet, Belg.
1920-Schack A.S. Krogh, Dan.
1922-Archibald V. Hill, Br.; Otto F. Meyerhof, Ger.
1923-Federick G. Banting, Can,; John J.r. Macleod, Scot.
1924-Willem Einthoven, Dutch
1926-Johannes A.G. Fibiger, Dan.
1927-Julius Wagner-Jauregg. Austrian
1928-Charles J. H. Nicolle, Fr.
1929-Christiaan Eijkman, Dutch; Sir Frederick G. Hopkins, Br.
1930-Karl Landsteiner, U.S.
1931-Otto H. Warburg. Ger.
1932-Edgar D. Adrian, Sir Charles S. Sherrington, Br.
1933-Thomas H. Morgan, U.S.
1934-George R. Minot, William P. Murphy, G.H. Whipple, U.S.
1935-Hans Spemann, Ger.
1936-Sir Henry H. Dale, Br.; Otto Loewi, U.S.
1937-Albert Szent-Gyorgyi, Hung.-U.S.
1938-Corneille J.F. Heymans, Belg.
1939-Gerhard Domagk, Ger.
1943-Henrik C.P.Dam, Dan.; Edward A. Doisy, U.S.
1944-Joseph Erlanger, Herbert S. Gasser, U.S.
1945-Ernst B. Chain, sir Alexander Fleming, Sir Howard W. Florey, Br.
1946-Hermann J. Muller, U.S.
1947-Carl F. Cori, Gerty T. Cori, U.S.; Bernardo A. Houssay, Arg.
1948-Paul H. Muller, Swiss
1949-Walter R. Hess, Swiss; Antonio Moniz, Port.
1950-Philip S. Hench, Edward C. Kendall, U.S.; Tadeus Reichstein, Swiss
1951-Max Theiler, U.S.
1952-Selman A. Waksman, U.S.
1953-Hans A. Krebs, Br.; Fritz A. Lipmann, U.S.
1954-John F. Enders, Frederick C. Robbins, Thomas H. Weller, U.S.
1955-Alex H.T. Theorell, Swed.
1956-Andre F. Cournand, Dickinson W. Richards Jr., U.S.; Werner Forssmann, Ger.
1957-Daniel Bovet, It.
1958-George W.Beadle, Edward L. Tatum, Joshua Lederberg, U.S.
1959-Arthur Kornberg, Severo Ochoa, U.S.
1960-Sir F. MacFarlane Burnet, Austral.; Peter B. Medawar, Br.
1961-Georg von Bekesy, U.S.
1962-Francis H.C. Crick, Maurice H.F. Wilkins, Br.; James D. Vatson, U.S.
1963-Sir john C. Eccles, Austral.; Alan L. Hodgkin, Andrew F. Huxley, Br.
1964-Konrad E. Bloch, U.S.; Feodor Lynen, Ger.
1965-Francois Jacob, Andre Lwoff, Jacques Monod, Fr.
1966-Charles B. Huggins, Fracis Peyton Rous, U.S.
1967-Ragnar Granit, Swed.; Haldan Keffer Hartline, George Wald, U.S.
1968-Robert W. Holley, H. Gobind Khorana, Marshall W. Nirenberg, U.S.
1969-Max Delbruck, Alfred D. Hershey, Salvador Luria, U.S.
1970-Jullus Axelrod, U.S.; Sir Bernard Katz. Br.; Ulf von Euler, Swed.
1971-Earl W. Sutherland Jr., U.S.
1972-Gerald M. Edelman, U.S; Rodney R. Porter, Br.
1973-Karl von Frisch, Ger.; Konrad Lorenz, Ger.-0Aus.; Nikolaas Tinbergen, Br.
1974-Albert Claude, Lux.-U.S.; George Emil Palade, Rom.-U.S.; Christian Rene de Duve, Belg.
1975-David Baltimore, Howard Temin, U.S.; Renato Dulbecco, It.-U.S.
1976-Baruch S. Blumberg, Daniel Carleton Gajdusek, U.S.
1977-Rosalyn S. Yalow, Roger C.L. Guillemin, Andrew V. Schally, U.S.
1978-Daniel Nathans, Hamilton O.Smith, U.S.; Werner Arber, Swiss
1979-Allan M. Cormack, U.S.; Godfrey N. Hounsfield, Br.
1980-Baruj Benacerraf, Geoge Snell, U.S.; Jean Dausset, Fr.
1981-Roger W. Sperry, David H. Hubel, Torsten N. Wiesel, U.S.
1982-Sune Bergstrom, Bengt Samuelsson, Swed.; John R. Vane, Br.
1983-Barbara McClintock, U.S.
1984-Cesar Milstein, Br.-Arg.; Georges J.f. Koechler, Ger,; Niels K. Jerne, Br.-Dan.
1985-Micheal S. Brown, Joseph L. Goldstein, U.S.
1986-Rita Levi-Montalcini, It.-U.S., Stanley Cohen, U.S.
1987-Susumu Tonegawa, Jpn.
1988-Gertrude B. Elion, George H. Hitchings, U.S.; Sir James Black, Br.
1989-J. Micheal Bishop, Harold E. armus, U.S.
1990-Joseph E. Murray, E. Donnall Thomas, U.S.
1992-Edmond H. Fisher, Edwin G. Krebs, U.S.
1993-Philip A. Sharp, U.S.; Richard J. Roberts, Br.
1994-Alfred G. Gilman, Martin Rodbell, U.S.
1995-Edward B. Lewis, Eric F. Wieschaus, U.S.; Christiane Nuesslein-Volhard, Ger.
1996-Peter C. Doherty, Austral,; Rolf M. Zinkernagel, Swiss
1997-Stanley B. Prusiner, U.S.
1998-Robert F. Furchgott, Louis J. Ignarro, Ferid Murad, U.S.
1999-Gunter Blobel, U.S.
2000-Arvid Carlsson, Swed.; Paul Greengard, U.S.; Eric R. Kandel, Aus.-U.S.
2001-Leland H. Hartwell, U.S.; R. Timothy (Tim)Hunt, Sir Paul M. Nurse, Br.
2002-Sydney Brenner, U.K.; H. Robert Howvitz, U.S.; John E. Sulston, U.K.
2003-Paul C. Lauterbur, U.S.; Sir Peter Mansfield, U.K.
Monday 1 October 2007
NOBEL PRIZE WINNERS IN CHEMISTRY
1901-Jacobus H. Van’t Hoff, Dutch
1902-Emil Fischer, Ger.
1903-Svante A. Arrhenius, Swed.
1904-Sir William Ramsay, Br.
1905-Adolf von Baeyer, Ger.
1906-Henri Moissan, Fr.
1907-Eduard Buchner, Ger.
1908-Ernest Rutherford, Br.
1909-Wilhelm Ostwald, Ger.
1910-Otto Wallach, Ger.
1911-Marie Curie, Pol-Fr.
1912-Victor Grignard, Paul Sabatier, Fr.
1913-Alfred Werner, Swiss
1914-Theodore W. Richards, U.S.
1915-Richard M. Willstatter, Ger.
1918-Fritz Haber, Ger.
1920-Walther H. Nernst, Ger.
1921-Frederick Soddy, Br.
1922-Francis W. Aston, Br.
1923-Fritz Pregl, Austrian
1925-Richard A. Zsigmondy, Ger.
1926-Theodor Svedberg, Swed.
1927-Heinrich O. Wieland, Ger.
1928-Adolf O.R. Windaus, Ger.
1929-Sir Arthur h Harden, Br.; Hans von Euler-Chelphin, Swed.
1930-Hans Fischer, Ger.
1931-Friedrich Bergius, Karl Bosch, Ger.
1932-Irving Langmuir, U.S.
1934-Harold C. Urey, U.S.
1935-Frederic & Irene Joliot-Curie, Fr.
1936-Peter J.W. Debye, Dutch
1937-Walter N. Haworth, Br.; Paul Karrer, Swiss
1938-Richard Kuhn, Ger.
1939-Adolf FJ. Butenandt, Ger.; Leopold Ruzicka, Swiss
1943-Georg de Hevesy, Hung.
1944-Otto Hahn, Ger.
1945-Artturi I.Virtanen, Fin.
1946-James B. Sumner, John H. Northrop, Wendell M. Stanley, U.S.
1947-Sir Robert Robinson, Br.
1948-Arne W.K. Tiselius, Swed.
1949-William F. Giauque, U.S.
1950-Kurt Alder, Otto P.H. Diels, Ger.
1951-Edwin M. McMillan, Glenn T. Seaborg, U.S.
1952-Archer J.P. Martin, Richard L.M. Synge, Br.
1953-Hermann Staudinger, Ger.
1954-Linus C. Pauling, U.S.
1955-Vincent du Vigneaud, U.S.
1956-Sir Cyril N. Hinshelwood, Br.; Nikolai N. Semenov, USSR
1957-Sir Alexander R. Todd, Br.
1958-Frederick Sanger, Br.
1959-Jaroslav Heyrovsky, Czech.
1960-Willard F. Libby, U.S.
1961-Melvin Calvin, U.S.
1962-John C. Kendrew, Max F. Perutz, Br.
1963-Giulio Natta, It: Karl Ziegler, Ger.
1964-Dorothy C. Hodgkin, Br.
1965-Robert B. Woodward, U.S.
1966-Robert S. Mulliken, U.S.
1967-Manfred Eigen, Ger.; Ronald G.W.Norrish, George Porter, Br.
1968-Lars Onsager, U.S.
1969-Derek H.r. Barton, Br.; Odd Hassel, No.
1970-Luis F. Leloir, Arg.
1971-Gerhard Herzberg, Canadian
1972-Christian B. Anfinsen, Stanford Moore, William H. Stein, U.S.
1973-Ernst Otto Fischer, Ger.; Geoffrey Wilkinson, Br.
1974-Paul J. Flory, U.S.
1975-John Cornforth, Austral.-Br.; Vladimir Prelog, Yugo.-Swiss
1976-William N. Lipscomb, U.S.
1977-Ilya Prigogine, Belg.
1978-Peter Mitchell, Br.
1979-Herbert C. Brown, U.S., George Wittig, Ger.
1980-Paul Berg, Walter Gilbert, U.S.; Frederick Sanger, Br.
1981-Kenichi Fukui, Jpn.; Roald Hoffmann, U.S.
1982-Aaron Klug, S. Afr.
1983-Henry Taube, Can.
1984-Bruce Merrifield, U.S.
1985-Herbert A. Hauptman, Jerome Karle, U.S.
1986-Dudley Herschbach, Yuan T.Lee, U.S.; John C. Polanyi, Can.
1987-Donald J. Cram, Charles J. Federsen, U.S.; Jean-Marie Lehn, Fr.
1988-Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber, Hartmut Michel, Ger.
1989-Thomas R. Cech, Sideney Altman, U.S.
1990-Elias James Corey, U.S.
1991-Richard R. Ernst, Swiss
1992-Rudolph A. Marcus, Can.-U.S.
1993-Kary B. Mullis, U.S.; Micheal Smith, Br.-Can.
1994-George A. Olah, U.S.
1995-Paul Crutzen, Dutch; Mario Molina, Mex.-U.S.
1996-Harold W. Kroto, Br.; Robert F. curl Jr., Richard E. Smalley, U.S.
1997-Paul D. Boyer, U.S. & John E. Walker, Br,; Jens C. Skou, Dan.
1998-Walter Kohn, U.S.; John A. pople, Br.
1999-Ahmed H. Zewail, U.S.
2000-Alan J. Heeger, U.S.; Alan G. MacDiarmid, NZ-US.; Hideki Shirakawa, Japan
2001-K. Barry Sharpless, U.S.; William S. Knowles, U.S.; Ryoji Noyori, Japan
2002-John B. Fenn, U.S., Kurt Wuthrich, Swiss, Koichi Tanaka, Jap.
2003-Peter Agre, Roderick Mackinnon, U.S.
1902-Emil Fischer, Ger.
1903-Svante A. Arrhenius, Swed.
1904-Sir William Ramsay, Br.
1905-Adolf von Baeyer, Ger.
1906-Henri Moissan, Fr.
1907-Eduard Buchner, Ger.
1908-Ernest Rutherford, Br.
1909-Wilhelm Ostwald, Ger.
1910-Otto Wallach, Ger.
1911-Marie Curie, Pol-Fr.
1912-Victor Grignard, Paul Sabatier, Fr.
1913-Alfred Werner, Swiss
1914-Theodore W. Richards, U.S.
1915-Richard M. Willstatter, Ger.
1918-Fritz Haber, Ger.
1920-Walther H. Nernst, Ger.
1921-Frederick Soddy, Br.
1922-Francis W. Aston, Br.
1923-Fritz Pregl, Austrian
1925-Richard A. Zsigmondy, Ger.
1926-Theodor Svedberg, Swed.
1927-Heinrich O. Wieland, Ger.
1928-Adolf O.R. Windaus, Ger.
1929-Sir Arthur h Harden, Br.; Hans von Euler-Chelphin, Swed.
1930-Hans Fischer, Ger.
1931-Friedrich Bergius, Karl Bosch, Ger.
1932-Irving Langmuir, U.S.
1934-Harold C. Urey, U.S.
1935-Frederic & Irene Joliot-Curie, Fr.
1936-Peter J.W. Debye, Dutch
1937-Walter N. Haworth, Br.; Paul Karrer, Swiss
1938-Richard Kuhn, Ger.
1939-Adolf FJ. Butenandt, Ger.; Leopold Ruzicka, Swiss
1943-Georg de Hevesy, Hung.
1944-Otto Hahn, Ger.
1945-Artturi I.Virtanen, Fin.
1946-James B. Sumner, John H. Northrop, Wendell M. Stanley, U.S.
1947-Sir Robert Robinson, Br.
1948-Arne W.K. Tiselius, Swed.
1949-William F. Giauque, U.S.
1950-Kurt Alder, Otto P.H. Diels, Ger.
1951-Edwin M. McMillan, Glenn T. Seaborg, U.S.
1952-Archer J.P. Martin, Richard L.M. Synge, Br.
1953-Hermann Staudinger, Ger.
1954-Linus C. Pauling, U.S.
1955-Vincent du Vigneaud, U.S.
1956-Sir Cyril N. Hinshelwood, Br.; Nikolai N. Semenov, USSR
1957-Sir Alexander R. Todd, Br.
1958-Frederick Sanger, Br.
1959-Jaroslav Heyrovsky, Czech.
1960-Willard F. Libby, U.S.
1961-Melvin Calvin, U.S.
1962-John C. Kendrew, Max F. Perutz, Br.
1963-Giulio Natta, It: Karl Ziegler, Ger.
1964-Dorothy C. Hodgkin, Br.
1965-Robert B. Woodward, U.S.
1966-Robert S. Mulliken, U.S.
1967-Manfred Eigen, Ger.; Ronald G.W.Norrish, George Porter, Br.
1968-Lars Onsager, U.S.
1969-Derek H.r. Barton, Br.; Odd Hassel, No.
1970-Luis F. Leloir, Arg.
1971-Gerhard Herzberg, Canadian
1972-Christian B. Anfinsen, Stanford Moore, William H. Stein, U.S.
1973-Ernst Otto Fischer, Ger.; Geoffrey Wilkinson, Br.
1974-Paul J. Flory, U.S.
1975-John Cornforth, Austral.-Br.; Vladimir Prelog, Yugo.-Swiss
1976-William N. Lipscomb, U.S.
1977-Ilya Prigogine, Belg.
1978-Peter Mitchell, Br.
1979-Herbert C. Brown, U.S., George Wittig, Ger.
1980-Paul Berg, Walter Gilbert, U.S.; Frederick Sanger, Br.
1981-Kenichi Fukui, Jpn.; Roald Hoffmann, U.S.
1982-Aaron Klug, S. Afr.
1983-Henry Taube, Can.
1984-Bruce Merrifield, U.S.
1985-Herbert A. Hauptman, Jerome Karle, U.S.
1986-Dudley Herschbach, Yuan T.Lee, U.S.; John C. Polanyi, Can.
1987-Donald J. Cram, Charles J. Federsen, U.S.; Jean-Marie Lehn, Fr.
1988-Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber, Hartmut Michel, Ger.
1989-Thomas R. Cech, Sideney Altman, U.S.
1990-Elias James Corey, U.S.
1991-Richard R. Ernst, Swiss
1992-Rudolph A. Marcus, Can.-U.S.
1993-Kary B. Mullis, U.S.; Micheal Smith, Br.-Can.
1994-George A. Olah, U.S.
1995-Paul Crutzen, Dutch; Mario Molina, Mex.-U.S.
1996-Harold W. Kroto, Br.; Robert F. curl Jr., Richard E. Smalley, U.S.
1997-Paul D. Boyer, U.S. & John E. Walker, Br,; Jens C. Skou, Dan.
1998-Walter Kohn, U.S.; John A. pople, Br.
1999-Ahmed H. Zewail, U.S.
2000-Alan J. Heeger, U.S.; Alan G. MacDiarmid, NZ-US.; Hideki Shirakawa, Japan
2001-K. Barry Sharpless, U.S.; William S. Knowles, U.S.; Ryoji Noyori, Japan
2002-John B. Fenn, U.S., Kurt Wuthrich, Swiss, Koichi Tanaka, Jap.
2003-Peter Agre, Roderick Mackinnon, U.S.
NOBEL PRIZE WINNERS IN PHYSICS
1901-Whilhelm C. Roentgen. Ger.
1902-Hendrik A. Lorentz. Pieter Zeeman, Dutch
1903-Antoine Henri Becquerel, Pierre Curie, Fr.; Maire Curie, Pol.-Fr.
1904-John W. Strutt, Lord Rayleigh, Br.
1905-Philipp E.A. von Lenard, Ger.
1906-Sir Joseph J. Thomson, Br.
1907-Albert A. Michelson, U.S.
1908-Gabriel Lippmann, Fr.
1909-Carl F. Braun, Ger.; Guglielmo Marconi, It.
1910-Johannes D. van der Waals, Dutch
1911-Wilhelm Wien, Ger.
1912-Nils G. Dalen, Swed.
1913-Heike Kamerlingh-Onnes, Dutch
1914-Max von Laue, Ger.
1915-Sir William H. Bragg, Sir William L Bragg, Br.
1917-Charles G. Barkla, Br.
1918-Max K.E.L. Planck, Ger.
1919-Johannes Stark, Ger.
1920-Charles E. Guillaume, Fr.
1921-Albert Einstein, Ger.-U.S.
1922-Niels Bohr, Dan.
1923-Robert A. Millikan, U.S.
1924-Karl M.G. Siegbahn, Swed.
1925-James Franck, Gustav Hertz, Ger.
1926-Jean B. Perrin, Fr.
1927-Arthur H. Compton, U.S.; Charles T.R.Wilson, Br.
1928-Owen W.Richardson, Br.
1929-Prince Louis-Victor de Broglie, Fr.
1930-Sir Chandrasekhara V. Raman, India
1932-Werner Heisenberg, Ger.
1933-Paul A.M. Dirac, Br.; Erwin Schrodinger, Austria
1935-Sir James Chadwick, Br.
1936-Carl D. Anderson, U.S.; Victor F.Hess, Aus.
1937-Clinton J. Davisson, U.S.; Sir George P. Thomson, Br.
1938-Enrico Fermi, It.-U.S.
1939-Ernest O. Lawrence, U.S.
1943-Otto Stern, U.S.
1944-Isidor Isaac Rabi, U.S.
1945-Wolfgang Pauli, U.S.
1946-Percy W. Bridgman, U.S.
1947-Sir Edward V.Appleton, Br.
1948-Patrick M.S. Blackett, Br.
1949-Hideki Yukawa, Jpn.
1950-Cecil F.Powell, Br.
1951-Sir John D.Cockroft, Br.; Ernest T.S. Walton, Ir.
1952-Felix Bloch, Edward M. Purcell, U.S.
1953-Frits Zernike, Dutch
1954-Max Born, Br.; Walter Bothe, Ger.
1955-Polykarp Kusch, Willis E.Lamb. U.S.
1956-John Bardeen, Walter H.Brattain, William Shockley, U.S.
1957-Tsung-dao Lee, Chen Ning Yang, U.S.
1958-Pavel Cherenkov, Ilya Frank, Igor Y. Tamm, USSR
1959-Owen Chamberlain, Emilio G.Segre, U.S.
1960-Donald A. Glaser, U.S.
1961-Robert Hofstadter, U.S.; Rudolf L. Mossbauer, Ger.
1962-Lev. D. Landau, USSR
1963-Maria Goeppert-Mayer, Eugene P. Wigner, U.S.; J. Hans D.Jensen, Ger.
1964-Nikolai G. Basov, Aleksander M. Prochorov, USSR; Charles H. Townes, U.S.
1965-Richard P. Feynman, Julian S.Schwinger, U.S.; Shinichiro Tomonaga, Jpn.
1966-Alfred Kastler, Fr.
1967-Hans A. Bethe, U.S.
1968-Luis W. Alvarez, U.S.
1969-Murray Gell-Mann, U.S.
1970-Louis Neel, Fr.; Hannes Alfven, Swed.
1971-Dennis Gabor, Br.
1972-John Bardeen, Leon N. Cooper, John R. Schrieffer, U.S.
1973-Ivar Giaever, U.S., Leo Esaki, Jpn.; Brian D. Josephson, Br.
1974-Martin Ryle, Antony Hewish, Br.
1975-James Rainwater, U.S.; Ben Mottelson, U.S.-Dan.; Aage Bohr, Dan.
1976-Burton Richter, Samuel C.C. Ting, U.S.
1977-John H. Van Vleck, Philip W. Anderson, U.S.; Nevill F. Mott, Br.
1978-Pyotr Kapitsa, USSR; Arno Penzias, Robert Wilson, U.S.
1979-Steven Weinberg, Sheldon L. Glashow, U.S.; Abdus Salam, Pakistani
1980-James W. Cronin, Val L. Fitch, U.S.
1981-Nicolaas Bloembergen, Arthur Schaalow, U.S.; Kai M. Siegbahn, Swed.
1982-Kenneth G. Wilson, U.S.
1983-Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, William A. Flower, U.S.
1984-Carlo Rubbia, It.; Simon van der Meer, Dutch
1985-Klaus von Klitzing, Ger.
1986-Ernest Ruska, Ger.; Gerd Binnig, Ger.; Heinrich Rohrer, Swiss
1987-K. Alex Muller, Swiss; J. Georg Bednorz, Ger.
1988-Leon M. lederman, Melvin Schwartz, Jack Steinberger, U.S.
1989-Norman F. Ramsey, U.S.; Hans G. Dehmelt, Ger.-U.S.; Wolfgang paul, Ger.
1990-Richard E. Taylor, Can.; Jerome I, Friedman, Henry W. kendall, U.S.
1991-Pierre-Giles de Gennes, Fr.
1992-Georges Charpark, Pol.-Fr.
1993-Joseph H. Taylor, Russell A. Husle, U.S.
1994-Bertram N. Brockhouse, Can.; Clifford G. Shull, U.S.
1995-Martin Perl, Frederick Reines, U.S.
1996-David M. Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff, Robert C. Richardson, U.S.
1997-Steven Chu, William D. Phillips, U.S.; Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, Fr.
1998-Robert B. Laughlin, Horst L. Stormer, Daniel C. Tsui, U.S.
1999-Gerardus’t Hooft and Martinus J.G. Veltman, Netherlands
2000-Jack S. Kilby, U.S.; Zhores I. Alferov, Russ.
2001-Eric A. Cornell, Carl E. Wieman, U.S.; Wolfgang Ketterle, Ger.
2002-Riccardo Giacconi, Rayond Davis Jr. U.S.; Masatoshi Koshiba, Jap.
2003-Alexei A. Abrikosov, U.S.-Rus.; Vitalay I. Ginzburg, Rus.; Anthony J. Leggett, U.K.- U.S.
1902-Hendrik A. Lorentz. Pieter Zeeman, Dutch
1903-Antoine Henri Becquerel, Pierre Curie, Fr.; Maire Curie, Pol.-Fr.
1904-John W. Strutt, Lord Rayleigh, Br.
1905-Philipp E.A. von Lenard, Ger.
1906-Sir Joseph J. Thomson, Br.
1907-Albert A. Michelson, U.S.
1908-Gabriel Lippmann, Fr.
1909-Carl F. Braun, Ger.; Guglielmo Marconi, It.
1910-Johannes D. van der Waals, Dutch
1911-Wilhelm Wien, Ger.
1912-Nils G. Dalen, Swed.
1913-Heike Kamerlingh-Onnes, Dutch
1914-Max von Laue, Ger.
1915-Sir William H. Bragg, Sir William L Bragg, Br.
1917-Charles G. Barkla, Br.
1918-Max K.E.L. Planck, Ger.
1919-Johannes Stark, Ger.
1920-Charles E. Guillaume, Fr.
1921-Albert Einstein, Ger.-U.S.
1922-Niels Bohr, Dan.
1923-Robert A. Millikan, U.S.
1924-Karl M.G. Siegbahn, Swed.
1925-James Franck, Gustav Hertz, Ger.
1926-Jean B. Perrin, Fr.
1927-Arthur H. Compton, U.S.; Charles T.R.Wilson, Br.
1928-Owen W.Richardson, Br.
1929-Prince Louis-Victor de Broglie, Fr.
1930-Sir Chandrasekhara V. Raman, India
1932-Werner Heisenberg, Ger.
1933-Paul A.M. Dirac, Br.; Erwin Schrodinger, Austria
1935-Sir James Chadwick, Br.
1936-Carl D. Anderson, U.S.; Victor F.Hess, Aus.
1937-Clinton J. Davisson, U.S.; Sir George P. Thomson, Br.
1938-Enrico Fermi, It.-U.S.
1939-Ernest O. Lawrence, U.S.
1943-Otto Stern, U.S.
1944-Isidor Isaac Rabi, U.S.
1945-Wolfgang Pauli, U.S.
1946-Percy W. Bridgman, U.S.
1947-Sir Edward V.Appleton, Br.
1948-Patrick M.S. Blackett, Br.
1949-Hideki Yukawa, Jpn.
1950-Cecil F.Powell, Br.
1951-Sir John D.Cockroft, Br.; Ernest T.S. Walton, Ir.
1952-Felix Bloch, Edward M. Purcell, U.S.
1953-Frits Zernike, Dutch
1954-Max Born, Br.; Walter Bothe, Ger.
1955-Polykarp Kusch, Willis E.Lamb. U.S.
1956-John Bardeen, Walter H.Brattain, William Shockley, U.S.
1957-Tsung-dao Lee, Chen Ning Yang, U.S.
1958-Pavel Cherenkov, Ilya Frank, Igor Y. Tamm, USSR
1959-Owen Chamberlain, Emilio G.Segre, U.S.
1960-Donald A. Glaser, U.S.
1961-Robert Hofstadter, U.S.; Rudolf L. Mossbauer, Ger.
1962-Lev. D. Landau, USSR
1963-Maria Goeppert-Mayer, Eugene P. Wigner, U.S.; J. Hans D.Jensen, Ger.
1964-Nikolai G. Basov, Aleksander M. Prochorov, USSR; Charles H. Townes, U.S.
1965-Richard P. Feynman, Julian S.Schwinger, U.S.; Shinichiro Tomonaga, Jpn.
1966-Alfred Kastler, Fr.
1967-Hans A. Bethe, U.S.
1968-Luis W. Alvarez, U.S.
1969-Murray Gell-Mann, U.S.
1970-Louis Neel, Fr.; Hannes Alfven, Swed.
1971-Dennis Gabor, Br.
1972-John Bardeen, Leon N. Cooper, John R. Schrieffer, U.S.
1973-Ivar Giaever, U.S., Leo Esaki, Jpn.; Brian D. Josephson, Br.
1974-Martin Ryle, Antony Hewish, Br.
1975-James Rainwater, U.S.; Ben Mottelson, U.S.-Dan.; Aage Bohr, Dan.
1976-Burton Richter, Samuel C.C. Ting, U.S.
1977-John H. Van Vleck, Philip W. Anderson, U.S.; Nevill F. Mott, Br.
1978-Pyotr Kapitsa, USSR; Arno Penzias, Robert Wilson, U.S.
1979-Steven Weinberg, Sheldon L. Glashow, U.S.; Abdus Salam, Pakistani
1980-James W. Cronin, Val L. Fitch, U.S.
1981-Nicolaas Bloembergen, Arthur Schaalow, U.S.; Kai M. Siegbahn, Swed.
1982-Kenneth G. Wilson, U.S.
1983-Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, William A. Flower, U.S.
1984-Carlo Rubbia, It.; Simon van der Meer, Dutch
1985-Klaus von Klitzing, Ger.
1986-Ernest Ruska, Ger.; Gerd Binnig, Ger.; Heinrich Rohrer, Swiss
1987-K. Alex Muller, Swiss; J. Georg Bednorz, Ger.
1988-Leon M. lederman, Melvin Schwartz, Jack Steinberger, U.S.
1989-Norman F. Ramsey, U.S.; Hans G. Dehmelt, Ger.-U.S.; Wolfgang paul, Ger.
1990-Richard E. Taylor, Can.; Jerome I, Friedman, Henry W. kendall, U.S.
1991-Pierre-Giles de Gennes, Fr.
1992-Georges Charpark, Pol.-Fr.
1993-Joseph H. Taylor, Russell A. Husle, U.S.
1994-Bertram N. Brockhouse, Can.; Clifford G. Shull, U.S.
1995-Martin Perl, Frederick Reines, U.S.
1996-David M. Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff, Robert C. Richardson, U.S.
1997-Steven Chu, William D. Phillips, U.S.; Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, Fr.
1998-Robert B. Laughlin, Horst L. Stormer, Daniel C. Tsui, U.S.
1999-Gerardus’t Hooft and Martinus J.G. Veltman, Netherlands
2000-Jack S. Kilby, U.S.; Zhores I. Alferov, Russ.
2001-Eric A. Cornell, Carl E. Wieman, U.S.; Wolfgang Ketterle, Ger.
2002-Riccardo Giacconi, Rayond Davis Jr. U.S.; Masatoshi Koshiba, Jap.
2003-Alexei A. Abrikosov, U.S.-Rus.; Vitalay I. Ginzburg, Rus.; Anthony J. Leggett, U.K.- U.S.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)