Ansal Institute of Higher Education (AIHE)

Ansal Institute of Higher Education (AIHE), a premier institute in international Collaborative. Education (under transfer of credits system), now gives access to over a million dollars in scholarships for UG and PG degrees from reputed universities in the US, UK, Canada and Australia.

Ansal Insitute breaks through the present day academic clutter to provide a realistic roadmap for a successful professional career comprising of a Bachelor's degree, Master's degree and an appropriate paid internship.

Situated in Gurgaon__a hot spot of global MNCs, Ansal Institute offers affordable and world-class professional education. Students who successfully complete Ansal Institute's broad-based 6-semester Advanced Diploma course work (similar to that followed in the IITs) are eligible to transfer their credits into fulltime degree programs of reputed and accredited US universities (that have scrutinized and approved Ansal Institute's syllabi for equivalence), which include:

Clemson University, USA__ Ranked 35th by US News and World Report and mentions it as the "Top Public University"

North Dakota State University, USA__Ranked 4th among the US public colleges and universities by US Consumer Digest, for offering most academic value per dollar

Tarleton State University, USA__Member of the prestigious Texas A & M University System

Coastal Carolina University, USA__an accredited US university

At the undergraduate level, for a 8-semester coveted US degree, Ansal Institute's Advanced Diploma covers 6-semesters (under transfer of credits arrangement) which is completed in 2 years by doing additonal two summer terms; only the final year is required to be done in the US university campus for their coveted 4-year degree, with the provision of substantial scholarships awarded by the US University for meritorious students from Ansal Institute. After the degree completion, students are legally allowed to work full time in the US for one year.

During the past three years, over 150 students have taken transfer to reputed foreign universities through Ansal Institute's unique programs. While some of these students are working, others are pursuing higher studies with scholarships/assistantships in the top institutions like John Hopkins, Keck Graduate Institute, Vanderbilt University, University of Illionois, Asian Institute of Technology, Australian National University and Embry Riddle University.

Ansal Institute's alumni in the US have won 25 President's honor awards and 35 Dean's honor awards for their excellent academic performance. Ansal Institute is offering Undergraduate and Postgraduate programs and the disciplines covered include Engineering, Biotechnology, Computer Science and Business Management.

The extraordinary track record of Ansal Institute's alumni in the US has stimulated extension of this transfer of credits arrangement with some leading overseas universities, which include San Jose State University, USA (ranked 15th in Engineering by US News and World Report), North Carolina State University, USA, University of Western Australia, Australia (belonging to the prestigious Group of 8 Australian Universities__after Ansal Institute's 2-year Diploma, students can earn dual degree UG and PG in Information and Communication Technology in 3 years in Australia as transfer students with potential of permanent residency in Australia), McMaster University (called MIT of Canada; considered No.1 in Canada), University of New Brunswick, Canada (among the Top 10 Canadian Universities), University fo Windsor and St. Mary's University, Canada, Deakin University, Australia, University of Plymouth, UK, University of Science and Technology at Lille, France.

Highlights of Ansal Institute's Internationa Program

* Exemption from SAT

* Accredited degree from universities in the US, Canada, Australia and UK

* 4-year overseas Undergraduate degree in 2 years and 9 months through Accelerated Progression

* Expenses reduced to about 1/5 for the coveted degree.

Ansal Institute's 14 acre campus provides state-of-the-art computer and other lab, modern networked library, internationa standard on-campus hostel separately for boys and girls, on-campus lockers, bookstore and other allied facilities for sports and transport facilities from major parts of Delhi and Gurgaon. The Institute has highly qualified and internationally acclaimed faculty with several senior members holding Ph.D. from premier institutes in India and overseas universities.

Over the years, Ansal Institute has made several innovations to improve and refine the methodology of delivery of education. Some of such improvements include: Helpdesks and Remedial courses, Regular Technology Workshops by industry experts, Centre of Excellence for hands-on experience on live projects and a strong Industry Interface with companies like Cisco, Microsoft, IBM & HP.

Ansal Institute also has an efficient training and placement cell. Its students have been successfully placed in organizations such as Wipro, Hughes Systems, Sapient, Mahindra British Telecom, IDBI, ICICI Infotech and Sahara India.

For more information ont he acamdemic programs and related topics, visit http://www.aihe.in/ or write to The Counselor, Ansal Institute of Higher Education, SEctor 55, Gurgaon, Haryana-122003. Tel: (0124) 4116414, 9871592061, 9818588029, 9810109430

Email: admissions@aitgurgaon.org, admissions@aihe.in

Pathbreaking Researches on Saturn And Its Moon, Titan

According to an international team of researchers, Saturn, the giant gas planet encircled with yellow and gold bands, is spinning slower than expected.

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Instead of a day on Saturn lasting roughly 11 hours, the researchers have calculated the rotation period is 10 hours and 47 minutes__ eight minutes slower than estimates from the NASA voyager results during the early 1980s.

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It has been further stated by researchers that it could affect the size of the planet's rock and ice core and provide more insights into how it formed.

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As scientista believe, the measurement of Saturn's period of rotation may prove to be pathbreaking for future research on planetary characteristics. It is after an effort of almost two years that scientists have succeded in getting fascinating insights into Saturn.

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In another improtant research on the topography of the Saturnian moon Titan, an international team of space scientists led by Prof. Ralph Lorenz of the University of Arizona (USA) has found that Titan has huge regions covered with dunes. The findings of this research, published in Science in the first week of May 2006, reveal that these dunes might be made up of ice crystals, sand or some other unknown material. According to the researchers, Titan's atmosphere is thicker than Earth's, its gravity is lower and its sand has a completely different composition. Thus, it is only due to the physical process, which could have taken place there, to which the formation of dunes can be attributed. The existence of dunes, piled over other geographical features probably suggests that wind recently blew fine grains of some material (sand, ice or something else) around, which might have resulted in their formation.

Why is it harmful to see solar eclipse with naked eye?

Why is it harmful to see solar eclipse with naked eye?

Doctors always warn people, especially children, against watching the solar eclipse, either directly or through smoking glasses or even in shallow water as in a utensil. The harmful rays in the sunlight (infrared rays) are at the maximum during the eclipse, which might burn the most sensitive part of retina, forea and macula, leading to irreversible loss of eyesight.

The surface of the sun is about four times as hot as a furnace. The lens or cornea in our eyes acts like a burning-glass. If one looks straight at the Sun, the lens will be destroyed for life. Even if we look at the Sun through smoked glass, the Sun may look dim, but the dangerous heat rays can still pass through. Whenever there is an eclipse of the Sun, some people are blinded because they take foolish risks of this sort.

Insulin 'n' Blood Sugar

Who invented insulin and how does it regulate blood sugar?

Insulin is a very useful drug for diabetes and was discovered by the Canadian Physician and Nobel Prize winner, Dr. Frederick Grant Banting in 1921. It is a product of unknown nature derived from the pancreas of animals. It regulates the percentage of sugar in blood. If the percentage is too high, it converts the excess into starch and stores the starch in liver, muscles and skin. With the help of insulin, a diabetic patient leads a normal healthy life. It is generally injected into the patient.

Which is the smallest sovereign state in the world?

Which is the smallest sovereign state in the world?

Vatican or the Holy See is the smallest sovereign state in the world both in size and population. The total land area of the Vatican is 0.17 sq. miles or 0.44 sq. km and its population is just 932. The Pope possesses full executive, legislative and judicial powers. Vatican is situated within the city of Rome. Vatican issues its own coinage called Vatican lira, which is interchangeable with Italian lira.

Vatican is a remnant of the "Patrimony of St. Peter", the secular state donated to the Popes in the eighth century by Pepin the Short, father of Charlemagne. In 1929, Mussolini's government made peace with the Papacy in the Lateran Treaty, which recognised the Holy See as an independent state. The treaty was incorporated into the Italian constitution of 1947. Under the terms of the treaty, the Pope is pledged to perpetual neutrality and may intervene in international affairs as a mediator only upon request.

As sovereign of the Holy See, the Pope is an elected absolute monarch who appoints a Pontifical Council to govern the city on his behalf.

Where did hieroglyphics originate?

Where did hieroglyphics originate?

Hieroglyphic writing is part of the ancient Egyptian civilisation traceable to the end of the fourth millennium BC, appearing as annotations to scenes cut in relief on slabs of slate in tombs and chapels. The earliest hieroglyphics represent lines of hymns and prayers, and the names and titles of individuals and deities. This distinctive style of writing was probably born out of the desire to annotate carved pictures of religious offerings, hunts and battles, it lent distinction to people and places and provided a telltale record for future generations. As hieroglyphics further evolved, it began to appear without pictures, i.e., just pure text on clay tablets and cylindrical stones. This led to labelling of numerous, everyday items. For instance, a jar of wine might bear the name of the vineyard, of the shipping merchant or of the reigning king.

Hieroglyphic writing vanished after the Muslim conquest of Egypt in AD 639. Neither the army of Napoleon that conquered Egypt nor the French archaeologists that followed them could decipher the hieroglyphics. It was the discovery of the Rosetta stone, an inscribed basalt slab, in 1799 that provided the clue to the deciphering of hieroglyphics. And the job of decipherment was begun by Thomas Young (c-1818) and completed by Jean-Francois Champollion (c 1821-22). Found near Rosetta, Egypt, the stone is now being preserved in the British Museum.

Biggest river island...,,,,

Which is the biggest river island in the world?

Majuli happens to be the biggest river island in the world. It is situated in the middle of the Brahmaputra, and is easily approachable by ferry from jorhat in Assam. Spreading over an area of 460 sq. km., is island has a population of 1,50,000. A predominant community in the island is the Mising tribals.

Brahmaputra river

Where does the Brahmaputra river originate from?

The Brahmaputra is a major stream of Central and South Asia, having a total length of about 2,900 km (1,800 miles), and is called Tsang-po in Tibetan, Ya-Lu-Tsang-Pu Chiang in Chinese and Jamuna in Bengali. From its headstream in the Himalayas of Tibet, it flows castward for nearly 1,130 km (700 miles) across south-western China, then turns south through the eastern Himalayas and enters the States of Arunachal Pradesh and Assam (north-east India). The Brahmaputra takes a south-westely course for about 725 km (450 miles) through the Assam Valley, then turns south again, passing through Bangladesh to Bay of Bengal, where it forms with The Ganga and Meghna rivers, a vast delta.

Railway Service In India

When did the first railway service start in India?

The first train in India was flagged off an April 16, 1853 at Bori Bunder (V.T.). A wooden structure once acted as a terminus for the Great Indian Peninsular Railway (now Central Railway). In this place today stands one of the most magnificent railway stations in the world-Chatrapati Shivaji Terminus (former Victoria Terminus or V.T.). The modern terminus, built over a ten-year period from 1878-88 at a cost of Rs. 16,35,562/-, is on the UNSECO's World Heritage List.

ISRO

When was the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) founded and who was its first Chief ?

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) was founded in 1969 with Dr. Vikram Sarabhai as its founder-Chairman. But India's bold venture in space research began much before, beginning with the work on establishing the Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS) in 1962 with the Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) under the Department of Atomic Energy. The first sounding rocket was launched from Thumba, near Thiruvananthapuram in Kerala, on November 21, 1963. In 1967, a Satellite Communication Earth Station was set up at Ahmedabad.

What are the Upanishads?

What are the Upanishads and how many of them are available now?

The word Upanishad literally means 'sitting near devotedly', and brings the picture of a sincere devotee learning from his guru- or spiritual master. The great Sankaracharya would, however, describe the Upanishad as simply knowledge of God.
There are , in all, 108 Upanishads ranging in length from a few hundred to many thousands of words, some in prose and some in verse. Of these, sixteen Upanishads were recognised by Shankaracharya as authentic and authoritative. In his commentary on Vedanta Aphorisms, he included quotations from six Upanishads. On the other ten Upanishads, he wrote elaborate commentaries. It is these ten Upanishads which, partly on account of their intrinsic importance but mailnly, no doubt, because of Shankara's commentaries, have come to be regarded as principal Upanishads. These ten Upanishads that form one of the vital bases of Hinduism are Isa, Kena, Katha, Prasna, Mundaka, Mandukya, Chandogya, Brihadaranyaka, Aitareya and Taittiriya.

What is synthetic rubber ?

What is synthetic rubber ?

Synthetic rubber is made of certain kinds of hydrocrabons. Of these, butadine is the most important. These hydrocarbons are obtained from coal, crude petroleum and alcohol. By the end of the Second World War, the combined production of synthetic rubber by USA and Germany alone was almost equal to that of natural rubber. Synthetic rubber is more oil-resistant than natural rubber. In the international market, natural rubber is facing severe competition from synthetic rubber.

Why do leaves fall in autumn?

Why do leaves fall in autumn?

The green colour in the leaves is due to a pigment, chlorophyll, in the plant. In autumn, the leaves stop making this pigment, thus the leaves turn yellow. Every leaf has a large vein underneath which carries water for nourishing it. This soon becomes dry in a yellow leaf so that water no longer flows through it. Thus the leaf dies and its grip on the branches loosens. When a strong wind blows, it breaks the leaf's grip and thus the leaves fall off in autumn.

Why do bees buzz?

Why do bees buzz?

The buzzing, sound is only caused by rapid fluttering of the bees'wings. The wings of the bees work like that of an electric fan. In hot weather, bees even carry water drops and spray droplets on their hives with their wings to cool it.

Why a pin-prick hurts?

Why a pin-prick hurts?

Human body is covered with skin. This skin is made up of several layers. Beneath the outermost layer are found millions of very small points. These are connected to a number of little threads called nerves. When the skin is pressed upon or touched, the nerves communicate the sensation to the brain. Thus the skin with the little nerves provides us with one of the five senses - "touch". If a pin goes into the outer layer and touches one of these little points, the touch becomes "pain"

World Languages

Language-----------------------------Principal
---------------------------------------Areas

Chinese, Mandarin--------------------China, Taiwan

Hindi----------------------------------North India

English--------------------------------UK, USA, Canada,
---------------------------------------Ireland, Australia, Newzeland

Spanish-------------------------------Spain, Latin America

Bengali--------------------------------India, Bangladesh

Portuguese----------------------------Portugal, Brazil

Russian--------------------------------Russia, The CIS

Japanese-------------------------------Japan

German, standard----------------------Germany, Austria, Switzerland

Korean---------------------------------North & South Korea,
----------------------------------------China, Japan

French---------------------------------France, Belgium, Canada, Switzerland

Chinese, Wu----------------------------China

Javanese-------------------------------Java (Indonesia)

Chinese, Yue---------------------------China

Telugu---------------------------------Andhra (India)

Marathi--------------------------------Maharashtra (India)

Vietnamese----------------------------Viatnam

Tamil-----------------------------------Tamilnadu (India), Srilanka, Malaysia

Turkish---------------------------------Turkey

Urdu------------------------------------Pakistan, India

Ukrainian-------------------------------Ukraine, Russia, Poland

Gujarati---------------------------------Gujarat (India)

Chinese, Jinyu---------------------------China

Chinese, Min Nan------------------------China

Polish------------------------------------Poland

Chinese, Xiang---------------------------China

Malayalam-------------------------------Kerala (India)

Kannada---------------------------------Karnataka(India)

Chinese, Hakka--------------------------China

Oriya------------------------------------Orissa (India)

Burmese---------------------------------Burma (Myanmar)

Punjabi, Western-------------------------Pakistan

Romanian--------------------------------Romania

Bhojpuri----------------------------------India

Azerbaijani, South------------------------Iran

Farsi, Western---------------------------Iran

Hausa-----------------------------------Nigeria, Cameroon

Maithili----------------------------------India

Serbo-Croatian--------------------------Croatia, Serbia

Thai-------------------------------------Thailand

Yoruba----------------------------------Nigeria

Dutch------------------------------------Netherlands

Awadhi----------------------------------India

Chinese, Gan----------------------------China

Sindhi-----------------------------------Pakistan, India

Igbo-------------------------------------Nigeria

Uzbek, Northern-------------------------Uzbekistan

Malay------------------------------------Malaysia

Indonesian-------------------------------Indonesian

Tagalog----------------------------------Philippines

Amharic---------------------------------Ethiopia

Nepali-----------------------------------Nepal, NE India, Bhutan

Saraiki-----------------------------------Pakistan

Cebuano---------------------------------Bohol Sea, Phillippines

Assamese--------------------------------Assam (India), Bangladesh

Thai, Northeastern-----------------------Thailand

Hungarian--------------------------------Hungary

Chittagonian------------------------------Bangladesh

Haryanvi---------------------------------India

Sinhala-----------------------------------Srilanka

Madura----------------------------------Madura, Indonesia

Greek------------------------------------Greece

Marwari----------------------------------India

Magahi-----------------------------------India

Chattisgarhi------------------------------India

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Source: The World Almanac

** Arabic is spoke in N.Africa and West Asia.

Do Not Criticise___

A leader, to be successful, has to motivate and influence others. He has to get genuinely interested in others and learn to give lavish appreciation. Now we shall consider another important factor, which is avoiding criticism.

All of us know that no one likes criticism. In fact, no one admits that he has made a mistake. No one ever blames himself, although the whole world may condemn him as the guilty one. Let us take the case of Adolf Hitler who is regarded as primarily responsible for World War II. The Allies condemned Hitler and his associates as the worst offenders against humanity and greatest of war criminals. But Hitler or, for that matter, those of his lieuthenants who survived him never admitted that they were wrong. They defended themselves stoutly saying they did everything for the sake of their German fatherland and that the Allies were to blame themselves for all the happened.

The thinking process of notorious criminals, and dacoits is no different. All of them regard themselves as champions of the poor. They feel that they are being punished, or put behind the prison bars for no faults of theirs. In the same way, when confronted with criticism, each individual tries to justify himself or herself. Whether young or old, friends or foes, known ones or strangers, nobody relishes criticism. A leader should, therefore, pause before criticising anyone and always try to avoid it.

Anyway, what is the object of criticising one or finding fault with another individual? What do we hope to accomplish by criticisng another individual? Every time we get the urge to criticise, we should ask this question to ourselves: is it intention to correct and improve the other person? Do you really feel that, with your criticism, the other person will mend his ways? Since everybody resents criticism, the question of changing and improving will not arise. On the other hand he will defend, justify and persist with greater vigour and determination. Thus, criticism, instead of motivating one to act the way you want, will induce him to do just the opposite.

If criticism cannot bring about improvements on the part of others, why then do many indulge in it? Perhaps, some get a feeling of importance by resorting to running down others. They try to show themselves off by finding fault with others. In the process, they not only expose themselves but also earn the enmity and hatred of others. What is more, as we have seen, the craving to feel important is universal. The person who is being criticised has his own ego and self-esteem. He will not accept the criticism meekly. He will react violently and indulge in scathing counter-criticism. The net result would be nothing but washing the dirty linen in public. As everybody knows, the split in the Indian National Congress developed becaue of stringent and biting public criticism of one another among its top leaders.

There is another important reason why criticism should be avoided. Criticism and condemnation kill the initiative. It often makes people abandon their efforts. It breeds inferiority complex and there are instances where uncharitable criticism has driven people to go mad or even commit suicide. Fully realising the illeffects of criticism, Dr. Samuel Johnson observed: "God Himself, Sir, does not propose to judge man until the end of his days." It is, therefore, foolhardy on our part to rush and criticise others. According to Charles Shwab,"There is nothing else that so kills the ambitions of a man as criticism from his superiors.: He declared, " I never criticise anyone. I believe in giving a man, incentive to work. So, I am anxious to praise but loath to find fault. If I like anything I am hearty in my approbation and lavish in my praise."

Often we should refrain from criticism when we try to understand others. If we put ourselves in the shoes of the other individual and look at the things from his point of view, we will at once realise why and how he acted the way he had acted. What is more, each individual is conditioned by his environmental factor. He is often a helpless victim of circumstances. You and I know very well that all our actions are not strictly rational and logical. We act on impulse, swayed by emotion and influenced by likes, dislike and others such prejudices. The leader must, therefore, understand others, look at the matter from the others' point of view, give appreciation and avoid criticism.

No one can claim to be perfect and beyond improvement. There is room for improvement even among the best of us. We should, itherefore, correct ourselves, clear our own doorsteps and not point out the snow on the roof of other's house.

The success of Mahatma Gandhi and Abraham Lincoln can be traced to this great quality on their part to avoid criticising others. Gandhiji blamed himself and tried to purify himself by resorting to fasts but never uttered a word of criticism either on the British or on other Indian political leaders. Lincoln scrupulously avoided rash and hasty criticism. He did not mail his letters with adverse comments immediately. He held them back and generally they were destroyed and never found their way to the intended addresses. A leader can try to be wiser than others but he should never tell others so. Vilhjalmur Stefansson, a famous explorer and scientist, observed that "A scientist never tries to prove anything; he attempts only to find the facts." The same rule applies to a leader. He should first find the facts. He should avoid criticism. Instead, he must understand and appreciate the good points in his followers.

You will naturally ask how a leader can improve his followers and bring out the best in them, if he decides to close his eyes to their shortcomings. A leader, where he considers it essential, has to draw the attention of the individual concerned to his limitations, errors, omissions and commissions. But this has to be done tactfully. It should be done after understanding the situation and with due appreciation. It should be converted to helpful suggestions instead of harsh criticism. Instead of downright condemnation, a leader should ask questions. He should gently point out, in an objective manner, where things have gone wrong. Often practical demonstration, instead of mere words, will produce the desired results. A leader should listen more and encourage the other party to talk. He should give an opportunity to the other to save his face. He should make the other person realise his mistake and should not force him to admit or own it.

As we said the aim is not simply to find fault but to bring about improvements. One important factor we should bear in mind is not to criticise anyone in public, that is, in the presence of others. The ego and self-esteem will drive people to defend themselves and justify their actions when they are criticised in public. We should, therefore, avoid criticism and if at all we have to say something unpalatable, we must give it a sugar coating, make it appear as a suggestion and administer it in strict privacy. Before pointing out the mistakes, we must generously give honest appreciation and sincere praise to theri good points. We must approach the individual in a friendly way and get him or her into a receptive mood Whatever possible, we must draw their attention to their blunders in an indirect manner. It would be extremely helpful to talk about our own mistakes before pointing out the mistakes of the other individual. The mistake should not be unduly magnified out of all proportions. It must be made to appear as easy one capable of correction. If he tries to save his face, we must accept his explanations at face value. In fact, we can give the other person a grand reputation to live up to.

A leader, who has to influence and motivate others, should, therefore, avoid criticise others if he takes genuine interest in the ohter individual, look at the things from the other's viewpoint and give sincere and honest appreciation for which the other has a gnawing craving and insatiable hunger. Proper understanding and appreciation will eliminate the need for bringing about improvements in the future, it has to be done ina friendly and tactfull manner to produce the desired results. A leader who avoids criticism as a rule will be favoured with phenomenal success.

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Making of Anglo-Indian Mutton Stew Curry

Ingredients:

Mutton: 1kg
Onions, big: 2
Cubed carrot: One cup
Green Peas, shelled : 1/2 cup
Potatoes, cut into 4 pieces: 3
French beans: One cup
Cauliflower florets: One cup or a little more than one cup
Radish, Cubed: 1 cup
Turnips, cubed: 1 cup
Green Chillies, slit: 4
Tomatoes: 2 or 3
Peppercorns: 10-12
Pepper powder: a pinch
Bay leaves : 2
Cloves: 4 or 5
Cardamom, split: 6
Cinnamon stick, small pieces : 6 or 7
Ginger : 1 whole
Oil: 3 tbsps
Salt to taste
Wheat flour for thickening the gravy (handful)
Vinegar: 2-3 tsp
Ginger-garlic paste (optional)
Coiander leaves: 1 bunch
Mint leaves: 1 bunch

METHOD: Heat three tablespoons of oil in an empty open cooker vessel. Add all the spices (cloves, cardamom pods, cinnamon stick, peppercorns and the bay leaves) and fry till slightly brown. Then to the fried spices, add the grated ginger or the ginger garlic paste. Now, add the chopped onions and the green chillies. Keep frying till the onions become translucent or turn into a golden brown (without allowing them to char).

Once the onions are fried, add the chopped coriander and mint leaves and pepper powder.

Then add the mutton and fry for a few minutes. Add salt to taste. Pour some water which is sufficient enough to cook the meat and the vegetables. But, try not to overcook the vegetables, as they should be a bit crunchy (first mutton can be put on pressure to cook and then add the vegetables and pressure cook again till done).

Just before removing the dish from the stove, add wheat flour and vinegar and cook for a while till the gravy thickens a little.

This mutton and vegetable stew can be eaten either with bread or with hot rice.

_______MELANIE BENEDICT, SOUTH LALLAGUDA>>>>>>

Time Capsule

Which is the oldest time capsule in terms of flowering plants?

The oldest known living seed came from a North American Arctic lupin (a garden plant with long spikes of flowers). It was found in 1954, buried in frozen silt near Miller Creek in central Yukon, Canada, by a mining engineer named Schmidt. It had been there for 10,000 years. Yet, when scientists planned it, a plant grew which was identical to the modern plant. Modern seed banks keep stocks of seeds in similarly cold, dry conditions so that rare plants are assured of a future.

Uncle Sam__

Why US referred to a s Uncle Sam?

Uncle Sam is a nickname for the collective citizens of the US. It arose in the neighbourhood ot Troy, New York, in about 1812, partly from the frequent appearance of the initials US on government supplies to the army and others. A few believe that there was a local resident who had a connection with army supplies and he was actually known as Uncle Sam.

World's Largest Dam

Where is the World's largest dam?

Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze river in China would be the world's largest dam when it is completed in 2009. The cost of the dam is likely to be $ 30 billion, making it the world's largest civil engineering project also. The Three Gorges Dam will be 1.3 miles wide and 610 feet tall, and the resulting lake will be over 400 miles long, stretching from Yichango to Chongging. The dam will have 26 generators producing over 18,000 megawatts of power.

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Presently, the world's largest dam, the Itaipu on the border of Brazil and paraguay, includes the world's largest hydro of Brazil and Paraguay, includes the world's largest hydroelectric power plant, producing 12, 600 megawatts of power.

Tenth Planet

What is the Tenth Planet discovered recently?

The tenth planet discovered recently is nicknamed as "Xena". The Hubble Telescope found that the new planet is just a little larger than Pluto. Hubble observations taken on December 9, 2005 indicate that the tenth planet has a diameter of 1,490 miles while Pluto, measured by Hubble is 1,422 miles.

Dada Saheb Phalke Award__

What is Dada Saheb Phalke Award?

Dada Saheb Phalke Award, instituted by the Government of India in 1969, is awarded to outstanding actors, playback singers, music composers or directors associated with the world of cinema for their lifetime achievement in their respective fields. The award is named after Dada Saheb Phalke (1870-1944), the first Indian to make silent movies, hailed as the father of Indian Cinema. His silent film Raja Harishchandra was released on May 13, 1913.

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The first recipient of Dada Saheb Phalke Award was the veteran actress Devika Rani and the latest awardee was the director of Malayalam cinema, Adoor Gopalakrishnan. Some of the other prominent awardees have been Raj Kapoor, Dilip Kumar, Shivaji Ganesan, Satyajit Ray, V. Shanta Ram, Nagi Reddy and Lata Mangeshkar, to mention a few.

World's Fastest Train__

Which is the world's fastest train?

France is the world leader in rail transport technology. The flagship of French rail technology is the TGV or Train a Grande Vitesse ("High Speed Train"), the world's fastest train. TGVs regularly run at 300 km/hr in normal service on some lines. And even this high speed is well below TGV's limits; the TGV holds world record for speed on rails of 515.3 km/hr or roughly half the speed of the sound.

Rann of Kutch__

What is Rann of Kutch?

The Rann of Kutch is a seasonally marshy region located in the Thar Desert in Gujarat, bordering the Sind region in Pakistan. It covers some 10,000 sq.miles between the Gulf of Kutch and the mouth of the River Indus in southern Pakistan. The luni river that originates in Rajasthan empties into the northeast corner of the Rann.

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During monsoon the flat desert of salty clay and mudflats averaging 15 metres above the sea level, fill with standing waters, interspersed with sandy islets of thorny scrub. It acts as a breeding ground for some of the largest flocks of Greater and Lesser flamingoes. The Rann is also famous for the Indian Wild Ass Sanctuary. The Little Rann of Kutch is home to the last of the three species of Asiatic Wild Ass that can be seen along with wolves, foxes, jackals, chinkara gazelles, nilgai antelope and blackbucks.

Blood Clot?

How does the blood clot?

Clotting is a natural phenomenon tht checks excessive loss of blood in case of injury. Clotting takes place whenever the tissue is injured. There are three types of cells in our blood - red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. It is these platelets that help in forming clots to stop bleeding. The platelets gather at the site of the injured cell and prevent the red blood vessels from flowing out. They form a plug across the opening and release chemicals that convert liquid blood protein fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin. Fibrin forms a mesh of thread like fibres that trap platelets and other blood cells, thereby forming a clot.

Fringe Benefit Tax__

What is Fringe Benefit Tax?

Fringe Benefit Tax is a tax on benefits that the employee receive as a result of their employment, including those benefits provided through someone other than an employer.

Difference between ballistic missile and cruise missle?

What is the difference between ballistic missile and cruise missile?

A ballistic missile is a missile that follows a prescribed course that cannot be significantly altered after the missile has burned its fuel (i.e., its course is governed by the law of ballistics). In order to cover large distances, ballistic missiles are usually launched very high into the air or in space.

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A cruise missile is a guided missile which uses a lifting wing and most often a jet propulsion system to allow sustained flight. Cruise missiles are, in essence, unmanned aircraft. They are generally, designed to carry a large conventional or nuclear warhead many hundreds of miles with excellent accuracy. Modern cruise missiles normally travel at subsonic speed, are self-navigating and fly low in order to avoid radar detection.

Who was George Washington Carver?

Who was George Washington Carver?

George Washington Carver (1880-1943) was born into a slave house near Diamond Grove, Missouri (USA); he worked his way through Iowa State college, obtaining an M.A. in Agriculture in 1896. He was then invited by Booker T. Washing ton to become Director of Agricultural Research at Tiskegee Institute in Alabama. Hoping to improve the lives of disadvantaged black farmers and the economy of the Southern US, he promoted peanuts and sweet potatoes as alternatives to soil-depleting cotton and developed numerous products that could be made from each of these crops. He lectured widely on his work and was instrumental in the crop diversification that occurred in the Southern US in the early 20th century.

What is Superfluidity?

What is Superfluidity?

Superfluidity is a phase of matter characterised by the complete absence of viscosity. Thus, superfluids placed in a close loop can flow endlessly without friction. Superfluidity was discovered by Pyotr Leonidvich Kapitsa, John F. Allen and Don Misener in 1937. The study of superfluidity is called quantum hydrodynamics.

Who was Kind Tutankhamun?

Who was Kind Tutankhamun?

Tutankhamun (1340 BC) was the Egyptian pharaoh of the 18th dynasty. He became king at the age of 12 and died at 18. He abandoned the worship of the sun-god instituted by Akhenaten, reinstating the worship of Amun and made Thebes the capital city. Although not important in the history of Egypt, he became world famous because of the rich and varied contents of his tomb at Thebes in the Valley of the Kings, discovered in 1922 by Lord Caranarvon and Howard Carter.

Night Blindness/Colour Blindness.....

What is the difference between night blindness and colour blindness?

Night blindness refers to the inability of the eye to adapt to reduced illumination, therefore, leading to a complaint of not being able to see in the dark. Individuals complaint of not being able to see in the dark. Individuals suffering from night blindness not only see poorly at night, but also require some time fore their eyes to adjust from brightly lit areas to dim ones.

*******

Colour blindness, on the other hand, refers to the difficulty in seeing differences between some of the colours that other people can easily distinguish. It is most often genetic in nature, but might also occur because of the eye, nerve, or brain damage or due to exposure to certain chemicals.

'When Witches go riding, and black cats are seen'

"Shadows of a thousand years rise unseen,
Voices whisper in the trees,
Tonight is Halloween!"
--------------------------------Dexter Kozen, Professor


"It's Halloween! It's Halloween!
The moon is full and bright
And we shall see what can't be seen
On any other night.
Skeletons and ghosts and ghouls,
Grinning goblins fighting duels,
Werewolves rising from their tombs,
Witches on their magic brooms.
In masks and gown we haunt the street
And knock on doors for trick or treat.
Tonight we are the king and queen,
For oh tonight it's Hallowen!"
--------------------------------------Jack Prelutsky, poet


"A grandmother pretends she doesn't
know who you are on Hallowen."

--------------------------------------Erma Bombeck, Humourist

"Eye of newt, and toe of frog,
Wool of bat, and tongue of dog,
Adder's fork, and blind-worm's sting,
Lizard's leg, and owlet's wing,
For a charm of powerful trouble,
Like a hell-broth boil and bubble."
--------------------------------------William Shakespeare, Playwright

"At first cock-crow the ghosts must go
Back to their quiet graves below."
--------------------------------------Theodosia Garrison, Poet

"My candle was nearly burnt out, when,
by the glimmer of the half-extinguished
light, I saw the dull yellow eye of the
creature open."
--------------------------------------Mary Shelley, novelist

"One need not be a chamber to be haunted;
One need not be a house;
The brain has corridors surpassing Material place."
-----------------------------------------------Emily Dickinson, poet

"When witches go riding, and black cats
are seen, the moon laughs and whispers,
'tis near Halloween."
-------------------------------19th century Halloween postcard

"The devil's voice is sweet to hear."
-----------------------------------------Stephen King, novelist

"Once upon a midnight dreary, while I
pondered, weak and weary,
Over many a quaint and curious volume of
forgotten lore,
While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly
there came a tapping...."
------------------------------Edgar Allan Poe, Poet

Constitution of India__Prof.(Dr.) M.V. Pylee

Emergency Provisions

No chapter of the Constitution has been the subject of more acrimonious attack by the critics than those dealing with the emergency provisions. The Constituent Asembly witnessed one of its most agitated scenes during the discussion of these provisions. Many prominent members of the Assembly opposed the inclusion of these provisions in the Constitution as they thought that they were inconsistent with the democratic provisions embodied elsewhere. The majority of the members, however, favoured the inclusion of these provisions, although reluctantly, as a precautionary measure, against possible disruptive forces destroying the newly established Union.

The Constitution provides for three different categories of Emergency and in each case the President is empowered to declare the emergency.

----------War Emergency---------

If the President is satisfied that a grave emergency exists whereby the security of India or any part of its territory is threatened by war, external aggression or armed rebellion, he may proclaim even before the actual occurrence when external aggression is apprehended. But no such proclamation can be made by the President unless the Union Ministers of Cabinet rank, headed by the Prime Minister, recommend to him, in writing, that such a proclmation should be issued. The proclamation may be revoked subsequently; if not, it shall be laid before both Houses of Parliament. If Parliament does not approve of it within one month, it will become ineffective.

As soon as the emergency is proclaimed, the federal provisions of the Constitution cease to function in the area affected by the proclamation. As a result, there is a two-fold expansion of the authority of the Union. First, the executive power of the Union will extend to the giving of any direction to any State executive in the emergency area. Secondly, Parliament's law-making power will extend to the subjects enumerated in the State List. Further, the President is empowered to prohibit by order the distribution of revenues that are normally to be assigned to the States under the financial provisions of the Constitution. However, all such orders have to be placed before each House of Parliament for its approval. The combined effect of the operation of these provisions is the emergence of fullfledged unitary Government.

----------Constitutional Emergency---------

If the President is satisfied on receipt of ta report from the Governer or otherwise that a situation has arisen in which the Government of a State cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution, he is empowered to proclaim an emergency under Articles 356 and 365. As a result, (i) he may assume to himself all or any of the functions of the State or he may vest all or any of those functions in the Governor or any other executive authority; (ii) he may declare that the powers of the State legislature shall be exercisable by Parliament; and (iii) he may make any other incidental or consequential provisions necessary to give effect to the objects of the Proclamation. The President, however, cannot assume to himself any of the powers vested in a High Court.

The proclamation will have to be approved by both the Houses of Parliament in the same manner in which a war emergency proclamation has to be approved.

Suspension of Fundamental Rights: During the period of emergency, as declared under either of the two categories discussed above, the State is empowered to suspend the Fundamental Rights guaranteed under Article 19 of the Constitution. The term 'State' is used here in the same sense in which it has been used in the Chapter on Fundamental Rights. It means that the power to suspend the operation of these Fundamental Rights is vested not only in Parliament but also in the Union Executive and even ina subordinate authority. Further, the Constitution empowers the President to suspend the right to move any court of law for the enforcement of any of the Fundamental Rights. It means that virtually the whole Chapter on Fundamental Rights can be suspended during the operation of the emergency. However, such orders are to be placed before Parliament as soons as possible for its approval.

------------Financial Emergency--------------

If the President is satisfied that a situation has arisen whereby the financial stability or credit of India or any part of it is threatened, he may declare a financial emergency under Article 360. The proclamation in this case also should be approved by Parliament as in the other two cases of emergency.

During the financial emergency, "the executive authority of Union shall extend to the giving of directions to any State to observe such canons of financial propriety as may be specified in the direction" or any other directions which the President may deem necessary for the purpose. Such directions may include those requiring the reduction of salaries and allowances of Government servants and even those of the Judges of the Supreme Court and the High Court.

------------An Analysis-------------

So far, there have been four occasions when emergency of the first category was proclaimed by the President: 1962 (Chinese aggression), 1965 (Indo-Pakistan war), 1971 (Indo-Pakistan war before the emergence of Bangladesh) and 1975 (internal emergency).

An analysis of these instances would indicate the purpose and the manner in which, in actual practice, a proclamation of emergency in the State will be made by the President. These may be summed up in the following terms:

1) The essential condition for the intervention by the Centre is the political instability of the State, that is, the virtual breakdown of the Parliamentary System of the Government.

2) The Union will watch the situation of instability with utmost caution and provide every opportunity for the formation of an alternative ministry.

3) The proclamation of emergency will only be the last resort when (i) the existing ministry does not have the confidence of the legislature; and (ii) no alternative ministry can be formed.

(4) During the period of emergency, the legislative work of the State will be transferred to Parliament. Delegation of such work to any administrative body will be reduced to the minimum.

(5) As soon as the political situation within the State becomes conducive to a responsible Government, it will be restored.

Generally speaking, in practice, the emergency provisions for Central internvention in case of a breakdown of Constitutional machinery in the States have proved to be not only a protective device for responsible government in politically unstable States but also a blessing to political parties who were unwilling and incapable to shoulder responsibility for a time on account of group rivalries or any other unfavourable circumstances.

During a period of emergency, it is natural that the Executive becomes unusually powerful. This is a tendency of governments all over the world, federal or unitary. The experience of parliamentary democracies indicates that a Parliament is vigilant and through the members of the opposition particularly, it manages to compel the Executive to account for all its actions. Thus, Parliament has the power to check the Executive whenever the latter goes beyond reasonable limits. Emergency provisions do not, in any way, cut Parliament out of the picture and Parliament has always the right to call the Executive to order; and if they find that the Executive has exceeded its powers in regard to the operation of any of the provisions enacted under the emergency laws, they can always pull it up, even dismiss the ministry and replace it.

How effectively Parliament would and could function during a period of national emergency was a subject of speculation until 1962 when the President proclaimed emergency under Article 352. But the manner in which Parliament has dealt with the emergency shows that instead of the Executive arrogating to itself the powers of Parliament in the name of emergency, Parliament has subjected the Executive to greater control and scrutiny in all its actions vitally affecting the nation. In fact, the debates in Parliament demonstrated the eagerness with which the Executive sought the approval of Parliament not only with regard to the action already taken by the Government but also that proposed for the future.

The only exception to this in practice was the internal emergency period of 1975-77. There was widespread abuse of executive power in many parts of the country in many forms during this period. The extent of abuse became clear only after the lifting of emergency in 1977. Naturally the new Parliament, which came into being after the general elections of March 1977, was interested in preventing the repetition of such a situation in future and hence initiated steps to amend the Constitution suitably to limit the powers of the Government to proclaim internal emergency.

The 44th Amendment adopted by Parliament in December 1978 ensures that the proclamation of emergency can be made only on the basis of written advice tendered to the President by the Cabinet. Internal disturbance not amounting to armed rebellion will no longer be a ground for declaration of emergency. Emergency can be proclaimed only when the security of the country is threatened by war, external aggression or armed rebellion. As an additional safeguard, proclamation of emergency will require approval within a month by a resolution of Parliament by a majority of the total membership and not less than two-thirds of the members present and voting.

The provisions for financial emergency, again, show how the framers of the Constitution have drawn upon the experience of the working of federalism elsewhere.

Finally, one may consider the provision for the suspension of Fundamental Rights. Apparently, this is by far the most unwholesome provision in the Constitution.

The provision for the suspension of Constitutional rights does not mean, however, that with the proclamation of emergency, there will be an automatic suspension of Fundamental Rights. It may be quite possible to keep the enforcement of the Fundamental Rights intact and there need not be a universal suspension throughout the country merely by reason of the proclamation. Further, the order of suspension should be placed before Parliament and it will be free to take whatever action it deems fit.

The working of the Constitution, so far, shows that the suspension of Fundamental Rights took place rarely. That happened as a result of the proclamation of national emergency in 1962, 1965, 1971 and 1975.

In contrast to the national emergencies mentioned above, Fundamental Rights were never suspended during any of the emergencies proclaimed in the States. That remains a good precedent. Even during the national emergency, suspension of Fundamental Rights should be restricted to the absolute minimum. There have been only few instances so far of the Union Executive behaving high-handedly towards the States or ignoring Parliament in the name of emergency. The apprehension that the President may act as a dictator is not one of the acute discomforts of our political thinking. On the other hand, the emergency provisions have been, on the whole, justified when viewed from the experiences of the post.

******

Have Fun boss

1) -------

Satyaji is watching english movie on star movies.

When the channel says " U r Watching Star Movies "

Satyaji shocked n says,

"Arree, how did they know?"________ Rajamani, Puniganti

2)----------

There is always a "GO SLOW" board near Schools. But not near women's college.

Why because -------- vehicles automatically Go slow there.___Manidi Mehendra, Hyd.

3)----------

Satyaji:- Oye, I lost Rs. 800 bet on Cricket match.

Rs. 500 once & Rs. 300 again for the same match.

Friend:- How can it be possible man?

Satyaji:- I bet Rs. 300 again for match highlights.____Rajesh, Hyd

4)-------

A heart melting love story

Rakesh:- I can't marry u. My family members refused for that.

Sunita:- Who are they to stop our love?

Rakesh:- My wife and 3 children____ Siva, Warangal

What is Mythology?

Mythology refers to stories or explanations of the origin and meaning of the world and the universe and their relation to a particular culture of civilization.

Mythological stories differ from folk tales and legends. They tend to be integrated in the religious doctrine of a particular culture and are considered sacred and factual. Mythological stories also contain supernatural and divine subjects. Folk tales and legends, on the other hand are more lighthearted and entertaining. Though mythological stories are characteristic of the prescientific world, many aspects and beliefs of the modern world perpetuate the mythic tradition.

The most well-known myths in Western Civilization are those of ancient Greece. The historic sources for our knowledge of this mythology are the Theogeny by Hesiod and the Illiad and Odyssey by Homer. All the three works date from the 8th century B.C. Other significant mythologic systems are Teutonic, or Norse, mythology of Scandinavia and Germany. The sources for this mythology are the Eddas (1200B.C.). The source for the Hindu mythology of Asia and India are the Vedas (1200 to 600 B.C.). The basis of Irish Celtic mythology are three cycles of stories - the Mythological cycle, the Ulster cycle and Fenian cycle. Other significant mythological systems are those of Africa, Native America and the Pacific Islands.

Attitude Decides One's Altitude

"Work is the foundation of business, source of all prosperity and the parents of genius". With love, work makes life sweet, purposeful and fruitful. But it must be remembered that a person's interest in work comes from his 'positive' attitude towards it. The employee's 'Positive Attitude' helps an organisation to realise its goal effortlessly.

***

The term 'attitude' has both positive and negative aspects. An incident that happened in the United States of America comes in handy to explain the difference between the two. A company, manufacturing slippers, wished to explore the market for the product in a little known island. The organisation deemed it fit to send a representative for the purpose. The employee proceeded to the place and found that non of the inhabitants was sporting slippers. Since he had a negative mindset, he reported that the chances of marketing the product are dim as no one wore slippers. Not pleased with the report, the management sent another representative to the island. This person reported that there was a great opportunity to market slippers since no one sported it. No wonder, the company implemented the second report and achieved creditable success. It is this positive attitude that is essential in all walks of life, to achieve any 'progress' worth the name.

***

Former Indian Captain Sourav Ganguly has made a remarkable comeback after a gap of 10 months, which is by no means easy. The lefthander believed in himself and this positive attitude translated his hunger for runs into solid performances.

***

Let us have the determination of a mirror which does not lose its ability to reflect even if it is broken into thousand pieces. Of course, it is positive attitude that is the driving force for grabbing opportunities, showing endurance and achieving success in any field.

Attitude along decides one's altitude.____S. Ramakrishnasayee..,,,,

***

General Knowledge-1

1. Which bone supports the root of the tongue in the human body?
A. The Hyoid bone (lingual bone)
2. Of which Asian Country is Dushanbe the Capital?
A. Tajikistan
3. In which Indian State is the World Heritage Site town of Pattadakal?
A. Karnataka
4. Which Mughal Emperor's mother was the Rajput Princess Manmati?
A. Shah Jahan
5. Which city in Rajasthan is famous for its blue pottery?
A. Jaipur
6. Who gave the laws of electrolysis?
A. Faraday
7. Who discovered heavy hydrogen?
A. Urey
8. What is otherwise known as quick silver?
A. Mercury
9. Which Carbohydrate is used commercially in the silvering of mirrors?
A. Glucose
10. What is the study of vegetables known as?
A. Olericulture
11. What is the scientific name of Onion?
A. Allium Cepa
12. Which part of Asparagus is edible?
A. Stem
13. Where did the eggplant originate?
A. India
14. What are Collard greens rich in?
A. Calcium
15. What are used in blending of coffee?
A. Roots of Chicory
16. What causes the pungency in garlic?
A. Diallyl Sulphate
17. The continent of America gets its name from which Italian Merchant Explorer?
A. Amerigo Vespucci
18. Which activist of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Army coined the slogan 'Inquilab Zindabad'?
A. Bhagath Singh
19. Who is credited with the rebuilding after the Great Fire of London?
A. Christopher Wren - 17th Century
20. Razm-Namah is a Persian translation of which Indian epic?
A. Mahabharata

How to Manage Your STRESS?

A lecturer was giving a lecture to his students on stress management.

He raised a glass of water and asked the audience, "How heavy do you think this glass of water is?" The students' answers ranged from 20 to 500 gm.

"It does not matter on the absolute weight. It depends on how long you hold it. If I hold it for a minute, it is Ok. if I hold it for an hour, I will have an ache in my right arm. If I hold it for a day, you will have to call an ambulance. It is exactly the same weight, but eh longer I hold it, the heavier it becomes."

If we carry our burdens all the time, we will not be able to carry on, the burden becoming increasingly heavier. What you have to do is to put the glass down, rest for a while before holding it up again.

We have to put down the burden periodically, so that we can be refreshed and are able to carry on.

So before you return home from work tonight, pu the burden of work down.

Don't carry it back home. You can pick it up tomorrow. Whatever burdens you are having now on your shoulders, let it down for a moment. Pick it up again later when you have rested. Rest and relax. Life is short, enjoy it!

Adversity causes most men to break and a few to break records.,,,,????

Enrich Your Vocabulary-2

Chronology: Science of computing dates; arrangement of dates or times of occurence.

Cosmogony: Theory about the origin of Universe.

Epidemiology: Study of epidemics and their control.

Escapology: Techniques of escaping from confinement or box, esp. as entertainment.

Etymology: Branch of linguistic science that deals with formation of the word and development of meaning.

Ethnology: Science of human races and their relation to one another and their characteristics.

Fidus Achates: Faithful friend, devoted follower.

Gaff: To let out plot or secret; Public place of amusement.

Haberdasher: Dealer in small articles of dress etc.

Bigot: Intolerant and obstinate believer in a religion or political theory.

Coddle: To protect attentively; treat as an invalid.

Strength/Weakness

Stand and die in your own strength;

If there is any sin in the world, it is weakness;

Avoid all weakness, for weakness is sin, weakness is death.__Swami Vivekananda

------------------

"Strength is life, weakness is death."__Swami Vivekananda

Secret of Successsssssss

---You have now to make the character of

----------Mahavira your ideal.

-------He was a perfect master of his

-----senses and wonderfully SAGACIOUS.

Obedience to the Guru without questioning,

--and strict observance of Brahmacharya--

--------this is the secret of success.


=============================Swami Vivekananda

TrUe EdUcAtIoN

What we want are

Western science coupled

with Vedanta.

Brahmacharya as the guiding

Motto and also Shraddha and

faith in one's own self.

------------------------------Swami Vivekananda

L a u g h-2

Let Us See The Menu First

House Wife: " I will give you dinner if you chop up that pile of wood", said the housewife to the beggar."

Beggar: "Let's see the menu first."

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

District Attorney An honest citizen on jury:

"Your honour, I could not serve on the jury. One look at that man there convinces me he is guilty".

Judge: "Keep quiet ! that is the district attorney"

========================================================

Since I Was A Puppy

Psychiatrist: " You think you are a dog. How long have you been subject to this dangerous imagination?"

Patient: "Ever since I was puppy"

=========================================================

Never Yawn All At Once

Actor: "When I came out on the stage the audience sat there open-mouthed", boasted the actor.

Rival said: "Oh", "audiences never yawn all at once".

==================================================

Watch The Clock

Boss: "What is the idea of coming late every morning?"

Employee: "You have trained me not to watch the clock in the office, now I am in the habit of not looking at it at home".

============================================

Man Has No Power Over Others' Minds

------------------------------------------James Allen-----------

Within the area of his own mind man has all power, but in respect of others' minds his power is extremely limited. He can command his own mind, but he cannot command the minds of others. He can choose what he shall think.

Therefore, a man can reform his own mind. If not, he cannot avoid the results of his own thoughts and actions. It will be in the nature of his thought and action which produces painful or blissful result.

Knowing that a man can think and do as he chooses and that all others have the same liberty, a man should have consideration for others thoughts. To think and act, ignoring the consideration for others is violation of others liberty. One must harmonize oneself with others minds, acknowledging their freedom of choice.

Selfishness and oppression from the spiritual standpoint are one and the same thing. Every selfish thought or act is a manifestation of egoism and is an action of unfairness. It is met with suffering and defeat.

The unselfish man is he who, abondoning the "I" as the source of judgement, refrains from encroachment upon the boundless freedom of others, realizing the right to their choice.

He realizes that his duty lies in acting rightly towards them.

*****

Ayers' Rock Changes Colours Everyday

We have often heard about the Chameleon changing its colour, but any hill doing so seems to be a strange happening. There is a hill in South Australia called Ayers' Rock that changes its colour everyday and in every season. It also known as 'Uluru' in the aboriginal language.

***

The hill was first discovered by an English traveller W.G. Gosse in 1873. Those days Henry Ayers was the Prime Minister of South Australia and hence this rock was named after him. It is an oval hill measuring 7 Km. in length and 2.4 Km. in width. Its height is 348m. Ayers' Rock is made of Sandstone which is also called Conglomerate.

***

Ordinarily the hill is of red colour. The remarkable changes in its colour occur during Sunrise and Sunset. When the Sun's rays fall on it in the morning, it seems as if the entire hill is on fire and violet and deep red flames come out of it. In the same way, violet shadows appear on this massive red rock when the Sun sets. From the morning till evening, this hill changes colour from Yellow to Orange, then to red and at times to violet or even black. One might even think it a magic hill or there is some supernatural miracel about it. But the reason is that this rock's structure is such that it changes colour according to the change in the angle of the Sun's rays, weather and also because of special structure of the rock's sandstone.

***

During the Sunrise and Sunset, the Sun's rays have more of Orange and Red colour, because the other colours are scattered by the dust particles present in the atmosphere.

***

Tribal people living in that region believed it to be the abode of God and used to worship it in the caves at its base. The Australian government has set up Mount Olga National Park in an area of 487 Sq. Miles near the hill.

*****

What is a Doab?

A doab is the alluvial tract of land between two rivers. The best known tract is between Ganga and Yamuna. There are many doabs in the Punjab Plain. These doabs have maintained their clear identity ever since the first settlement of the Aryan Tribes in what was known as the Sapta Sindhu, the land of Seven Rivers.

Good Sayings-20

381. Habit is a man's best friend or his worst enemy.

382. Fasting is a very powerful regenerative tool.

383. The sound of a drum is pleasant only from a distance.

384. God is invisible mother. Mother is visible God.__Kavi Yogi

385. Give me work till my life shall end, and life till my work is done.__Wilfred Hottby

386. Do not let your schooling interrupt your education.__Mark Twain

387. Quest for excellence should be an eternal pursuit in the journey of life.

388. Every age refutes old errors and begets new.

389. It is good to think well; it is divine to act well.

390. Disappointment goes with avarice.

391. Better bend than break.

392. Your effort may fail but do not fail to make any effort.

393. We are made for cooperation - like feet, like hands - To act against one another is then contrary to nature.

394. Age is like love; it cannot be hid.

395. The money spent in gambling and drink and lust is doublt loss, for you lose your money and health. __Gandhiji

396. That which does not begin with God ends in failure.

397. What we have done for ourselves alone dies with us; What we have done for others remain and is immortal__Albert Pike

398. Anger harms you long before it harms others.__Vedhathiri Maharishi

399. A good memory is fine, but the ability to forget the wrong done to you is the true test of greatness.

400. Borrow trouble for yourself, if that is your nature, but do not lend it to your neighbour.__Rudyard Kipling

GoodSayings-19

361. To do easily what is difficult for others is the mark of talent.

362. Deeds are governed by their aims; that deed is great which has a great aim.__Anton Chekov

363. If we have no peace within ourselves, it is useless to seek it from outside sources.

364. Do not let yesterday use up too much of today__William Rogers

365. Treat people nicely on the way up, you liable to meet them again on the way down.

366. Old age seizes upon an ill-spent youth like fire upon a rotten house.

367. I believe in Hands that work, Brains that think and Hearts that love.__Elbert Hubbard

368. The trouble with opportunity is what it always comes disguised as hardwork.

369. Two is a Company, three is a crowd.

370. Do not be proud and inaccessible to the poor and the lowly when you sit on the seat of authority.__Zarathustra

371. True rights come as a result of duty done.

372. You can accomplish virtually any goal you set for yourself, as long as the goal is clear and you persist long enough.

373. Our character is what we do when we think no one is looking.

374. Pollution is to a country what tuberculosis is to man.

375. A true heart is that which loves without being loved in return.

376. If a man be gracious and courteous to strangers, it shows he is a citizen of the world.__Francis Bacon

377. The law which punishes us is the law which preserves us.__James Allen

378. We should not ask who is the most learned, but who is the best learned.__Montaigne

379. The only way to have real friends is to be one yourself.__Emerson

380. Consider the Postage Stamp. It secures success through its ability to stick to one thing until it gets there.__Josh Billings